2013年外文翻译--可持续发展混凝土：基于规格性能的作用

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1、 中文 7300 字 ， 4400 英文单词， 25500 英文字符 文献出处： Lemay L, Lobo C, Obla K. Sustainable Concrete: The Role of Performance-based SpecificationsC/ Structures Congress. 2013:2693-2704. 原文 Sustainable Concrete: The Role of Performance-based Specifications Lionel Lemay1, Colin Lobo2 and Karthik Obla3 1 National Re

2、ady Mixed Concrete Association, 1244 Crane Blvd., Libertyville, IL, 60048; PH (847) 918-7101; email: LLemaynrmca.org 2 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, 900 Spring Street, Silver Spring, MD, 20910; PH (240) 485-1160; email: CLobonrmca.org 3 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, 900 Spr

3、ing Street, Silver Spring, MD, 20910; PH (240) 485-1163; email: KOblanrmca.org ABSTRACT Concrete is used in nearly every structure we build today, including buildings, bridges, homes and infrastructure. With greater emphasis placed on sustainability in recent years, structural engineers are faced wi

4、th the challenge of meeting traditional design criteria in addition to evolving criteria that support sustainable construction. Performance-based specifications for concrete can substantially help meet this new challenge. Prescriptive requirements such as minimum cement content or maximum water to c

5、ement ratio are among many common specification requirements that can increase the environmental footprint of concrete. This paper outlines how concrete performance can be improved while lowering environmental footprint by implementing performance-based specifications. INTRODUCTION Sustainable concr

6、ete is difficult to define. There are many factors that can influence the way concrete is manufactured, designed, built, used and recycled that ultimately affect the environmental footprint of concrete and the structures built with concrete. Whether one is designing a high rise building, pavement, bridge, dam or warehouse, concrete is an important component used as foundation and superstructure, and these structures can have a significant impact on our environment throughout their lifecy