2014年农学专业农产品贸易外文翻译—全球化和农业贸易（节选）

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1、字数：英文 3271 单词， 17813 字符；中文 5738 汉字 出处： Anderson K. Globalisation and agricultural tradeJ. Australian Economic History Review,2014,54(3):285-306. 外文文献 Globalisation and agricultural trade Abstract For most of the past 10,000 years, long-distance agricultural trade has focused on crop seeds or cutting

2、s, breeding animals, and farm production technologies, before the dramatic falls in trade costs over the past two centuries allowed the gradual addition of farm outputs in raw or processed form to long-distance trade. That process was helped or hindered in various periods and places by governments t

3、rade-related policies. This paper traces the impact of those developments on terms of trade during the first globalisation wave to 1913 and then looks briefly at the inter-war period, before concentrating on the period since the 1950s. Keywords: agricultural protection, agricultural revolutions, exp

4、ort taxes, global economy-wide model projections, structural transformations, trade costs INTRODUCTION Since globalisation has to do with the lowering of costs of doing business across space, one manifestation of it is an expansion of trade across national borders. Natural barriers to trade tend to

5、fall following technological advances in the provision of transport and communication services, while governmental barriers to international trade are less predictable and are as prone to rising as to falling. The purpose of this paper is to provide a guide to changes in both sets of barriers to int

6、ernational economic integration insofar as they affect trade in farm products. Long-distance agricultural trade has contributed to global economic growth and poverty reduction for millennia, but only in recent centuries via trade in outputs of farm production. Its predominant contribution in earlier periods was through trade in crop seeds or cuttings, breeding animals, and farm production technologies. Then Britains industrial revolution launched large scale intercontinental trade i