水电工程专业毕业论文翻译--水电和风电的生命周期温室气体排放

《水电工程专业毕业论文翻译--水电和风电的生命周期温室气体排放》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《水电工程专业毕业论文翻译--水电和风电的生命周期温室气体排放（33页珍藏版）》请在毕设资料网上搜索。

1、PDF外文：http:/ 5400 字， 2950 单词  出处： Raadal H L, Gagnon L, Modahl I S, et al. Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the generation of wind and hydro powerJ. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(7): 3417-3422.       本 科 生 毕 业 论 文 文 献 翻译       &nb

2、sp;    题  目 水电和风电的生命周期温室气体排放      学  院  水利水电工程      专  业  水利水电工程                 二 一 三年六月四日  外文翻译和原稿  1     LIFECYCLEGREENHOUSEGAS(GHG)EMISSIONSFROMTHEGENERATIONOFWINDANDHYDRO

3、POWER Hanne LercheRaadala,Luc Gagnonb,IngunnSaurModahla,OleJrgenHanssena  aOstfoldResearch,GamleBeddingvei2B,N-1671Krkery,Norway  bHydro-Qubec,75 RenLvesque W,Montreal,Qc, Canada, H2Z1A4 Abstract:ThispaperpresentsacomprehensiveoverviewofthelifecycleGHGemissionsfromwindandhydropowergenerati

4、on,basedonrelevantpublishedstudies.Comparisonswithconventionalfossil,nuclearandotherrenewablegenerationsystemsare alsopresented, in order to put theGHG emissions of windandhydro power in perspective.  StudiesonGHGemissionsfromwindandhydropowershowlargevariationsinGHGemissions,varyingfrom0.2to15

5、2gCO2-equivalentsperkWh.ThemainparametersaffectingGHGemissionsarealsodiscussed in this article, in relation to these variations. Thewiderangingresultsindicateaneedforstricterstandardisedrulesandrequirementsforlife-cycleassessments(LCA),inordertodifferentiatebetweenvariationsduetomethodologicaldispar

6、itiesandthoseduetorealdifferencesinperformanceoftheplants.SinceLCA areresource-andtime-intensive,developmentofgenericGHGresultsforeachtechnologycouldbeanalternativetodevelopingspecificdataforeachplant.Thiswouldrequirethedefinitionoftypicalparametersforeachtechnology,forexampleatypicalcapacityfactorf

7、orwindpower.SuchgenericdatawouldbeusefulindocumentingGHGemissionsfrom electricitygeneration for electricitytrading purposes. 1. Introduction  Allenergysystemsemitgreenhousegases(GHGs)andcontributeto anthropogenicclimatechange.Analysisofalltheupstreamanddownstreamprocessespertainingtoapowerplant

8、andtheassociatedGHGemissions,e.g.theelectricitygenerationstage,isnecessaryinordertoobtainacompleteclimateaccountofpowersystems.Ifthisisnotcarriedout,theGHGemissionsresultingfromthevariousoptionsforelectricity generationcanbeunderestimated.Forconventionalfossilfueltechnology,upstreamGHGemissionscanbe

9、asmuchas25%ofthedirectemissionsfromthepowerplant.Formostrenewableenergytechnologiesandnuclearpower,upstreamanddownstreamGHGemissionscanaccount for over 90%ofcumulative emissions1. ThispaperpresentsacomprehensiveoverviewofGHGemissionsfromwindandhydropowergenerationbasedonlife-cycleassessments(LCA),sh

10、owingthevariationsinGHG 外文翻译和原稿  2     emissionswithinhomogeneouspowergenerationtechnologies.ArangeofGHGemissionsarepresented,followedbyselectedfactoranalyses. ThefocusisonGHGemissions,despitethefactthatclimatechangeisonlyoneofseveralimportantenvironmentalimpactswhenassessingdifferent

11、generationtechnologies.ThisworkhasbeencarriedoutasapartoftheongoingresearchprojectEnergyTrading&Environment20202,whichfocusesonGHGemissionsasoneofthemostsignificantimpacts,accordingtotheEUElectricityDirective(2003/54/EG,article3).ThisEU Directiverequiresthatsuppliersofelectricitydisclosetheirele

12、ctricityportfoliowithregardtoenergy sourcesandtheirenvironmentalimpact,specifyingtheemissionsofCO2andtheamount of radioactive waste. Thepaperisorganisedasfollows:Section2:Presentationofdifferentmethodsforassessinglifecycleimpacts.Sections3and4:GHGemissionsfromthegenerationofwindandhydropower,respect

13、ively.Section5:Acomparisonoftheperformanceofwindandhydropowerinrelationtootherelectricitytechnologies.Section6:Discussionsandconclusions.Section 7: Recommendationsand outlook. 2. Life-cycleassessmentmethodsforelectricitygeneration    TheLCAreferencedinthisarticlehavebeencarriedoutusingavar

14、ietyofmethods.Ashort presentation ofthesemethods is givenin thefollowing paragraphs. Energyanalysisisatoolusedtoassessbothdirectandindirectenergyrequirementsfortheprovisionofgoodsandservices3.Themethodisbasedonabottom-upapproach,whichmeansthatboththeenergyrequirementsofthemainproductionprocessesandsomeimportantcontributionsfromsuppliersare assessed indetail.