水电站文献翻译--中国水利发电的现状和前景

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1、第 1 页 共 11 页 中文 3955 字 外文资料 Chinas hydroelectric power the current situation and prospects Abstract: The electricity is a modern industrial production and the life of an essential driving force for energy, hydroelectric power industry is a category. The founding of the past 50 years, Chinas hydropow

2、er industry has developed by leaps and bounds, has made remarkable achievements. The rise of hydropower in China there is a profound background. Key words: Hydro-electric power Status Prospects First, China has a large-scale utilization of water resources and the need for the conditions. Chinas abun

3、dant hydropower resources, whether they are reserves of hydropower resources, or the possible development of hydropower resources in the countries in the world in the first rank. But Chinas energy utilization rate is only 13 percent, hydropower prospects are bright. As Chinas rapid economic growth,

4、total energy consumption is also up sharply, coal, oil and gas these conventional energy consumption growing, or even need to rely on imports. It is estimated that by 2010 Chinas need to import about 100 million t of oil, and its dependence on imports will reach 40 percent or even higher. In such a

5、situation, the development of new energy was particularly important and urgent. The water is a renewable and new energy, an inexhaustible supply of it. Second, the development of hydropower is also the need for environmental protection. Conventional power generation, coal combustion emissions in the

6、 course of a large number of hazardous substances so that the atmospheric environment is seriously contaminated, and acid rain caused greenhouse effect, and many other environmental problems. And nuclear power generation have great potential risk, once the pollution caused by leakage, damage to the

7、environment is immeasurable role. Hydro-electric power is not emissions of harmful gases, dust and ash, and no nuclear radiation pollution, is a clean power production, has obvious advantages. Third, hydro-electric power after more than a century of development, construction technology, manufacturin

8、g technology and hydro-generator groups in the transmission technology improved, stand-alone capacity has been increased. And low-cost hydro-electric 第 2 页 共 11 页 power, running the high reliability, the extremely rapid development. 1 Overview of Chinas hydropower resources Chinas many rivers, rich

9、runoff, huge gap, contains abundant hydropower resources. According to statistics, Chinas river water resources reserves 676 million kw, the generating capacity of 592.2 billion kwh； possible development of hydropower resources of the installed capacity of 378 million kw, the generating capacity of

10、920 billion kwh. Due to climate and topographical factors such as topography of the impact of Chinas hydropower resources in different regions and different distribution is very uneven Basin； Chinas hydropower resources of the river is a prominent characteristic of the steep river, the huge gap, ori

11、ginated the roof of the world Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Yarlung Zangbo River, Lancang River, Nujiang River, the natural differences are about as high as 5000 m, forming a series of the worlds largest rivers divide, which is not found in other countries. Full unders

12、tanding of the characteristics of Chinas hydropower resources can be in the development process in light of local conditions, reasonably full use of hydropower resources. 2 status quo of Chinas hydropower development A century, particularly since 1949, after several generations of hydropower builder

13、s of hard work, Chinas hydropower construction from small to large and from weak to strong continue to grow and develop. Since reform and opening up, utilities are building more rapid development of projects have been expanding. 1950s to the early 1960s, mainly repairing the dam and power station fu

14、llness, Dragon River. Gutian, and other minor works, initiated the development of small and medium hydropower (such as 114-8508, the Huaihe River, Huangtankou, Liuxihe, such as power stations). In the late 1950s in terms gradually mature, a number of rivers cascade development, such as Shizitan, sal

15、t Yanguoxia, Tuo River, Xinfengjiang, Xinanjiang, the West-and cat jumping into a river to river at the works. The mid-1960s to the late 1970s during the period has started Gongzui, Yingxiuwan, Wujiangdu, Bikou, Fung Beach, Longyangxia, Baishan, Dahua and other projects. The early 1970s first 1000 M

16、W installed capacity of the Liujiaxia Hydropower Station production. 2715 MW capacity of the 1980s the completion of the Gezhouba Hydropower Station, after a series of big hydropower stations have been building, 18200 MW capacity of the Three Gorges Project has started in 1994 and by the end of 2000

17、, the 1000 MW larger than the largest hydropower station (not including Storage Power Station) has 18. In addition to conventional hydropower station, Chinas pumped-storage power station building has made great achievements. Pumped Storage Power Station was built in the main 第 3 页 共 11 页 hydraulic f

18、ewer resources, to meet the needs of the power system peak load regulation. The construction of the main Pumped Storage Power Station are as follows: Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station to the total capacity of 2.4 million kw, is the first Block is currently the worlds largest pumped-storage powe

19、r station. Power station construction in two phases with a total capacity of eight, each lasting four and a capacity of 300,000 kw reversible high parameters of pumped storage units, the design of head 535 m, rated speed 500 r / min, comprehensive efficiency of 76 percent. Jiang Tianhuangping Pumped

20、 Storage Power Station, a total installed capacity of 1.8 million kw, a regulation on pure pumped storage power station, power consumption, pumping 4.28 billion kwh. North China Power Grids largest pumped-storage power plant Ming Tombs Pumped Storage Power Station, the Ming Tombs Reservoir for the n

21、ext pool, using plastic concrete cutoff wall hanging seepage control technology, power plants to install four 200,000 kw Francis River inverse-turbine pumps, an electric generating units, the installed capacity of 800,000 kw. Hebei Panjiakou hybrid pumped-storage power station, equipped with a conve

22、ntional Taiwan 150,000 kw hydro-generator group, there are three pumped-storage units, each of 90,000 kw, total installed capacity of 420,000 kw. In addition, Chinas construction in Tibet also has the worlds highest Pumped Storage Power Station Yangzhuoyong Lake pumped-storage power station. Pumped

23、Storage Power Station is also available in other Baoquan pumped storage power plant in Henan, Anhui Langyashan Pumped Storage Power Station, Shandong Taian Pumped Storage Power Station, Tongbai Pumped Storage Power Station in Zhejiang, Yixing in Jiangsu Pumped Storage Power Station, Hebei Zhang Nihe

24、wan Pumped Storage Power Station. 3 Chinas hydropower development problems facing the Chinas hydropower industry in nation-building after a considerable development, but there are still many problems. For example, the Ertan Hydropower Station in Sichuan Province since 1949 is the most intensive inve

25、stment, the largest engineering, technical difficulty of the highest building projects, but an operation on the face of the enormous waste of resources and enterprises to huge losses this embarrassing position. The situation prevailing in Chinas hydropower station. The reasons were mainly the follow

26、ing points. First, the management system, a high degree of monopoly power industry system hindered the development of hydropower. Chinas Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Water and Power and management, and water conservancy and hydroelectric power is the power of the integrated projects, but the Ministry and its subordinate electric power throughout the