外文翻译----企业生命周期与企业文化选择

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1、Enterprise life cycle and the enterprise culture choice N. J: Prentice HallJournal of Management, 2003, ( 17) : 191- 211. In the 1980s, the American management experts Iraq chuck? Adizes (IChakAdizes) put forward enterprise dr life-cycle theory, it follows the same with biological enterprise life cy

2、cle rule, will experience a from birth, growth to aging until death life. Figures show that, 1970 among the fortune global 500 list to 1983, the enterprise should have 1/3 has been extinguished. This list from the enterprise production to decay, average life expectancy is only 40 50 years old. In Ja

3、pan and Europe, enterprises average life cycle of 125 years. In the United States, the enterprise average 62 less than 5 years the life cycle, live can over 20 years of enterprise accounts for only the total enterprises, only two of the 10 businesses can live for 50 years, but the average life expec

4、tancy of Chinese enterprises only 7 8 years old, especially private enterprise, not only average life expectancy is only 2.9 years old, and survival over five years less than 9, more than 8 years of less than 3. Those who once famous enterprise: for this reason, giants, more. After all the brillianc

5、e of swamp in acme off bright-coloured, a flash in the pan. Why so many enterprise life cycle is so short? Why then another some enterprise has undergone several hundred years still inheritance evergreen? Scholars have different explain this. Some people think that is the difference, others industri

6、al explanation operational modes for different, still some people find reasons from management system, some people think that entrepreneurs of the pros and cons. Although these claims have certain truth, but seem to have involved in the root of the problem, did not find the enterprise decision. The

7、real reason for heritage evergreen With the emergence of enterprise culture theory and the unceasing development, the enterprise culture , Z theory, seek advantages, Japanese enterprise management art four books published monographs, caused the enterprise culture research upsurge. Enterprise more an

8、d more aware of the organizational culture and regulating the important significance of organizational development, more and more profound understanding to an excellent organizational culture on enterprise long-term business and enterprise development plays a potential yet crucial role. Rand corpora

9、tion, the international management consulting firm McKinsey study found the company, all the achievements are great, the role of enterprise culture is very obvious. Excellent enterprise culture is the worlds 500 to the foundation of success. The fundamental causes of longevity and outstanding, is th

10、e constant innovation enterprise culture, and maintain its advanced nature. World famous longevity companies have a common feature, which they have a persistent core values, has its unique, enrich and excellent enterprise culture. Enterprise culture is a kind of strength, with the development of kno

11、wledge economy, it to enterprises prosperity and decline will play more and more important role, even the decisive role. Can say, the 21st century enterprise competition between enterprises is the fundamental culture of competition. Who has strength in culture, who has competitive advantage, benefit

12、 advantages and development advantage. Although enterprise culture theory is mature and perfect, widely enterprise accepted and used. A large enterprise with excellent enterprise culture in the market competition tide the invincible position. But, on the other hand is countless companies looking for

13、 suits own enterprise culture. And some company, because enterprise life cycle and the change of environment, the original enterprise culture has not suitable for enterprise growth, even discourages enterprise from the shackles of sustainable development. Therefore, how to choose conform to the ente

14、rprise development needs of the enterprise culture, according to the environment and life cycle changes appropriate choice of enterprise culture, become a relationship between all enterprises are facing the prosperity of the enterprise major issue. The author thinks that, with inner and outer enviro

15、nment analysis enterprise handhold to grasp different life cycle, the main contradiction, through the enterprise principal contradiction to choose the enterprise culture, is the enterprise culture is the only choice. The marxist handhold the contradiction that things, the law of the unity of opposit

16、es laws, is the most fundamental materialist dialectics of rules. The self-contradict reveals the essential contents of the associations with things development intrinsic power, is our most basic methods of knowledge. In the enterprise internal, always dont exist countless contradiction, these contr

17、adictions unceasing development and transformation, formed the enterprise life cycle goes forward. Contradiction is the enterprise life cycle motivation, the evolution of the enterprise life cycle is contradictory results of progressive struggle. On the other hand, enterprises various contradictions

18、 with enterprises prosperity and decline success or failure too closely. Due to the contradictory nature of the complexity of status, and conditions, the solution of the problem varied also. Only found the right solution, solve the contradictions of the principal contradiction, enterprise can unceas

19、ingly develop, eventually inheritance evergreen. Different life cycles, each stage the enterprise internal conflict, interest is different, the facing problems and pressure is different, the main inconsistencies also vary wildly, therefore enterprise have different also, must choose match different

20、enterprise culture. But because enterprise life cycle, each phase of the inherent regularity of enterprise culture of normal performance has generality, although as a means of implement cultural kernel with manifestation can vary, but as the core value orientation and management style still have rul

21、es. The life cycle analysis of enterprise pointed out the different stages of the main contradiction formation, conversion and integration, and explains the different stages the features of enterprise culture, thus for enterprise culture choice the establishment of complete pattern laid a foundation

22、. Enterprise culture choice must follow some principles, can correctly development and implementation. There are usually has the following four principles: enterprise life cycle associated with enterprise culture choice of principle, the enterprise culture selection and enterprise strategic interrel

23、ated principle, universality and individuality, carry forward the principle of combining the tradition and the principle of combining the development innovation. Because enterprise life cycle changes is a long-term incremental process, in order to guarantee the enterprise culture choice of maneuvera

24、bility, achieve successful culture choice, therefore, it is necessary to find some specific timing. Choose the things change timing reflects the degree. There is a clear changes in the enterprise, mainly in the enterprises survival and development of external politics, economy, culture, science and

25、technology, and environment that significant changes have occurred, the enterprise quantitative change to qualitative changes conversion, thus mastered the degrees, is something the best timing choice of enterprise culture. Usually have the following three time: enterprise business performance mater

26、ially changes, enterprise management efficiency is low, the increased examing enterprise external environment materially changes. Enterprise culture choice is a systematic project, pinpoint the breakthrough, is the guarantee success choice. The author thinks that point of enterprise culture, choose

27、from the enterprise, must present roughly as follows three based. Starting from the main contradiction, starting from the enterprise the fine tradition of the major change, from the enterprise forward. Enterprise culture choice of content including spiritual culture, system culture, material culture

28、 choice. Enterprise culture spirit layer, system layer and physicality is inseparable, they influence each other, interaction, so in enterprise culture when the choice but also from grasping. Enterprise culture type selection is an important link of choice of enterprise culture. Enterprise culture t

29、ype varied, according to statistics, the existing scholars put forward about 200 species of cultural types. How in the dime found in the enterprise culture type suitable enterprise culture type, principal contradiction is a key. In the initial, enterprises are faced with the main contradiction weak

30、strength. Exploration culture promotes cautious capital management and bold exploit the competition strategy, and is characterized by considering risk/benefit conversion between, clear enterprise this where action, be willing to accept change, dares to innovate, therefore appropriate strength weak start-ups make limited capital investment and a lot of new market development. Meanwhile, exploration culture emphasize consider risk, advocate through careful explore avoid enterprise, its fickle into various traps the character also suitable for enterprise flexible coping market risk.