外文翻译--一个良好的公路的基础

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1、河南理工大学 09 级交通工程专业外文翻译 2013 1 河南理工大学 交通工程专业 中英文翻译 Road Design 专 业： 交 通 工 程 学 生： 曹 阳 威 指导老师： 宋 晖 颖 河南理工大学 2013 届毕业设计中英文翻译 2013 年 6 月 河南理工大学 09 级交通工程专业外文翻译 2013 2 英文原文 The Basics of a Good Road We have known how to build good roads for a long time. Archaeologists have found ancient Egyptian roadsthat c

2、arried blocks to the pyramids in 4600 BCE. Later,the Romans built an extensive road system, using the same principles we use today. Some of these roads are still in service. If you follow the basic concepts of road building, you will create a road that will last. The ten commandments of a good road

3、are: （ 1） Get water away from the road （ 2） Build on a firm foundation （ 3） Use the best materials （ 4） Compact all layers properly （ 5） Design for traffic loads and volumes （ 6） Design for maintenance （ 7） Pave only when ready （ 8） Build from the bottom up （ 9） Protect your investment （ 10） Keep go

4、od records 1 Get water away from the road We cant overemphasize the importance of good drainage.Engineers estimate that at least 90% of a roads problems can be related to excess water or to poor waterdrainage. Too much water in any layer of a roadsstructure can weaken that layer, leading to failure.

5、 In the surface layer, water can cause cracks and potholes. In lower layers it undermines support, causing cracks and potholes. A common sign of water in an asphalt road surface is alligator cracking an interconnected pattern of cracks forming small irregular shaped pieces that look like alligator s

6、kin. Edge cracking, frost heaves, and spring breakup of pavements also point to moisture problems. To prevent these problems remember that water: flows downhill needs to flow someplace is a problem if it is not flowing Effective drainage systems divert, drain and dispose of water. To do this they us

7、e interceptor ditches and slopes,road crowns, and ditch and culvert systems. Divert Interceptor ditches, located between the road and higher ground along the road, keep the water from reaching the roadway. These ditches must slope so they carry water away from the road. Drain Creating a crown in the

8、 road so it is higher along the centerline than at the edges encourages water to flow off the road. Typically a paved crown should be 14 higher than the shoulder for each foot of width from the centerline to the edge. For gravel surfaces the crown should be 12 higher per foot of width. For this flow path to work, the road surface must be relatively water tight. Road shoulders also must be sloped away from the road to continue carrying the flow away. Superelevations (banking) at the outside of curves will also help drain