外文翻译--能源，税收和增长（节选）

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1、3700 汉字 ， 2000英文 单词， 11000英文字符 出处： Weinstein B L. Energy, taxes and growthJ. Society, 1984, 22(1):41-47. Energy,Taxes and Growth Bernard L Bernstein Conflicting concerns of energy producing and energy consuming states will occupy center stage in the regional arena during the 1980s. The popular press

2、 speaks of “energy haves” and “energy have-nets.” Politicians from consuming states bemoan the “unfair windfalls” to producing states while those in producing states claim their economic future is being sacrificed to heat homes in Minneapolis or to provide electricity to Detroit. Legislation has bee

3、n introduced in the United States Congress that would impose a federal limitation on state imposed energy taxes, and both B wetness Week and the North- east-Midwest Congressional Coalition have argued for a national severance tax on state energy resources. My first objective is to review some earlie

4、r interregional conflicts and the Sunbelt-Frostbelt controversy in particular, and my second is to explain how and why state energy taxation has emerged as a political and fiscal issue. A third objective is to examine the economics of the severance tax with particular attention to who pays, who bene

5、fits, what are the impacts on production, and what are some approaches for resolving the issue. The economic history of the United States during the nineteenth century is replete with conflicting regional interests. The Civil War can be understood in strictly economic terms. Slaves represented the b

6、ulk of the Souths productive capital, and a large portion of the regions in- come was attributable to the productivity of this peculiar institution. Southern slaveowners felt threatened by the election of a Republican president and saw secession as a means of protecting their economic interests. The “populist” movement of the late nineteenth century also had regional overtones. Populisms greatest appeal was in the rural South and Great Plains, areas not participating in the industrial r