工程造价招投标外文翻译---招标合同中业主有机会鼓励承包商主导的创新的意义

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1、2200 英文单词， 1.2 万英文字符， 3200 汉字  出处： Sidwell A C, Budiawan D, Ma T. The significance of the tendering contract on the opportunities for clients to encourage contractorled innovationJ. Construction Innovation, 2001, 1(2):107-116. 本科毕业设计  外文文献 及 译文  文献、资料题目： The Significance of the Tender

2、ing   Contract on the Opportunities for   Clients to Encourage Contractor-led Innovation 文献、资料来源：    文献、资料发表（出版）日期：   院  （部）：   管理 工程学院  专     业：   工程 造价  班     级：      姓     名：      学  

3、;   号：        指导教 师：      翻译日期：       - 1 - 外文 文献 ：   The Significance of the Tendering Contract on The Opportunities for Clients to Encourage Contractor-led Innovation AC Sidwell ，  D Budiawan ，  T Ma ABSTRACT  During the te

4、ndering process for most major construction contracts there is the opportunity for bidders to suggest alternative innovative solutions. Clearly clients are keen to take advantage of these opportunities, and equally contractors want to use their expertise to establish competitive advantage.  Bot

5、h parties may very well benefit from the encouragement of such innovation and the availability of cheaper methods of construction than have been contemplated by the tendering authority.  However recent developments in common law have raised doubts about the ability of owners to seek alternative

6、 tenders without placing themselves at risk of litigation. This common law has recognised the existence of the so-called tendering contract or process contract. Since the tendering process is inherently price competitive, the application of the tendering contract concept is likely to severely inhibi

7、t the opportunity for alternative tenders.  This paper is primarily based on the literature review. The aim of this paper is to highlight the problems with the competitive tendering process in relation to contractor-led innovation and explore ways in which owners can develop procurement procedures that will allow and encourage innovation from contractors.  PROBLEMS WITH COMPETITIVE TENDERING  The tra