技术壁垒外文文献翻译--技术贸易壁垒对中国、日本、韩国以及美国之间贸易的影响

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1、1700单词， 8200英文字符， 3080汉字 文献出处： Yousefi, A., & Liu, M. (2013). The Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade: The Cases of Trade Between China, Japan, Korea, and the US. In Innovation in the High-Tech Economy (pp. 23-34). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. http:/w ww.w 原文 The Impact of Technical Barriers to Tr

2、ade: The Cases of Trade Between China, Japan, Korea, and the US Ayoub Yousefi Introduction The technical barrier to trade (TBT) is a relatively new technique raised during the last decades, which has influenced the trade flow worldwide (Bao and Qiu ). It is one form of the non-tariff trade barriers

3、(NTBs), which differs from the traditional ones that it mainly includes standards and technical regulations. took it into an effect in the year of 1995. TBT varies from country to country in terms of the magnitude and product coverage. For example, it might come with the form of safety and labeling.

4、 In fact, it can be a tool to promote trade but can also be a protection as well. Additionally, the Developing Countries and Developed Countries have different reactions to this measure. This essay is aimed to find out the effects for both types of countries in the manufacturing area with the help o

5、f gravity model. This essay is inspired by the article “How do technical barriers to trade influence trade flows”. Instead of the general trade flows, this study collects data on one industry, which is manufacture and extends the scope of the years to 2011. At the same time, unlike the previous arti

6、cle chosen all members in WTO, China, Japan, Korea and US are chosen as the object countries, because they have strong connections. China and US are the biggest trade partners of each other in terms of manufactured goods. Another reason is that Japan, Korea, and China are very close geographically, and Japan is an important and the most developed country in Asia. With the analysis of the TBT notifications and the trade flows of those countries, there would