外文翻译----单片机在汽车控制中的应用

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1、附录 A 原文： FreescaleSingle-chip Microcomputer s in automobile control application Freescale has the rich micro processing unit (MCU), but widely uses in the automobile electrically controlled engine, the automobile body, the crew member safety, the vehicle door and the chair, the glass, ventilation an

2、d air conditioning, skylightand light control, automobile local area networks gateway, communication facility, global positioning system and in other automobile control unit. Its product mainly includes 8/16 bit micro controller (including HC08/HCS08, HC12/HCS12 and so on), 32 bit micro controllers

3、(including PowerPC, ColdFire, ARM and so on) 1. 8 bit Single-chip Microcomputer MC68HC11F1 and application 1.1 Characteristicsof MC68HC11F1 8 bit micro controllerMC68HC11F1 is high performance flash memory technology low cost chip based on the CPU of 8 bit HC08 the CPU . Its dozens of kind of differ

4、ent specifications product may cause the user to make a choice conveniently, the superior price performance ratio may cause the cost of the automobile electronic products to be more inexpensive. Chief feature of MC68HC11F1 : Two kind of power saving mode, stop and waiting； working normal in 3.0-5.0V

5、 voltage ； 0, 256b, 512b or 768b in on-chip RAM, Data of RAM will be retained in standby； 0, 12kb or 20kb inon-chip RAM or EPROM； Serical Communication InterfaceSCI,8 channel, 8 bit A/D transducer ； 16 bit timer systems； 8 bit pulse accumulators, real-time interrupt electric circuit and so on. 1.2 M

6、C68HC11F1is employed inin automobile electronic control system Since Marelli simple point electronic fuel injectionn engine management system is promoted based on MC68HC11F1,our country Shenyang gold cup sea lion passenger car , the gold cup China passenger vehicle, AnhuiChery passenger vehicle, the

7、 Tianjin Xiali passenger vehicle and so on has used this kind of engine management system . Below to take gold cup simple point Marelli logic circuit for an example, I introducesMC68HC11F1 employed inin automobile electronic control system. 1.2.1 Compositions of system As shown in Figure 1, gold cup

8、 simple point Marelli logic circuit is mainly composed of the below part: 1. Electric circuits control core MC68HC11F1 (CPU), is Freescale 8 bit MCU of automobile special-purpose ； 2. Tristate bus driver 74HC244 with enable, is the switch of status information input for air conditioning, oil pump, E

9、VAP solenoid valve, idling motor and so on ； 3. 8 groups rises along D trigger74HC273 with reset , isdriving signaltake-off valves for idling motor, host relay, trouble lamp, air conditioning relay power and so on； 4. 512kb 8 bit read-only memory M27C512, uses for to save computers master routine. R

10、eset Date Bus Figure 1 gold cup simple point Marelli logic circui 1.2.2 principles of work Puting through the power source, power source chip L9710 starts to provide the work power source and sensors reference voltage, the 8th foot output the low electric potential reset signal and delivers to reset

11、 end of the CPU, simultaneously delivers to zero clearing end of 74HC273 to makeits output end reset , CPU to enter launching state. First carries on the replacement to the internal hardware, establishes corresponding register, then starts Boot loader procedure, carries on the procedure loading. Rea

12、ds master routineintheM27C512 in internal RAM , and enters run condition of the PortAPortD CPU PortGPortE PortB.FPortC driver driver Little fire oil injection logic Diagnosis interface A/D Signal adjustment M27C512 74HC244 74HC273 L9170 Device state information Automobile active status sensor signal

13、 driver air conditioning, breakdown lights, host relay, idling regime Signal adjustment programthrough the skipping instruction. The master routine outputs logic “1” (high electric potential) through data bus D2 , after this signal is locked by the 74HC273 outputingthe high electric potential contro

14、l signal from the 6th foot,makes the main relay go through， Adds the 12V power source to the external instrumentation such as the fuel injector the ignition coil and so on . Then readin rotational speed signal and the exterior sensor signal through PA, PE, to judgethe vehicles current operating cond

15、ition, and according to the current operating mode outputs the corresponding driving signalfrom PD, PG mouth and the data bus ( locked by the 74HC273 )to make the equipment enter the running status . Again reads in the corresponding equipments status messagesthrough PA, PD, PG and the data bus (driv

16、ed by the 74HC244 ), carries on the comparison withcontrol rule chart of the M27C512 , tooptimizate and adjustignition timing and spurts oil systems control. The logic circuit, the sensor and the implementing agency constitutionmake up of closed-loop control system to make the engine be at the optim

17、um condition. 2. 16 Single-chip Microcomputer MC9S12DP256 and application 2.1 Characteristics of MC9S12DP256 MC9S12DP256 is high speed, the high performance, 5.0V the Flash memorys 16 bit micro controllers which based on 16 bit HCS12 CPU and 0.25 um microelectronic technology . Its high performance-

18、to-price ratio is suitable in some upscale automobile control system, the simple background development pattern will also further reduce the development cost , simultaneously also will cause the scene development and the system upgrade becomes more convenient. Basic frequency of MC9S12DP256 reached

19、as high as 25 MHz, many standard modules are also integrated on the piece, including 2 Serical Communication Interface ,3 Serial Peripheral Interface, 8 channels the timer input capture/output comparison ,2 of ten bit 8 channels conversion module of A/D,one of 8 channels Pulse Width Modulate, 49 of

20、independent digit I/O mouth (which of 20 have the function of the external interrupt and awakens), combined 5 of CAN module with CAN2.0A/B agreement as well as a internal IC bus module； Its internal has 256kb Flash EEPRROM, 12kb RAM, 4kb EEPROM. 2.2 MC9S12DP256 is employed in in automobile electroni

21、c control system Figure 2 is the typical schematic diagram of automobile gating system .Its central microcontroller selects Single-chip Microcomputer MC9S12DP256, MC33389A, MC33884, MC33887, MC33486 and so on is the Freescale intelligence simulation component. Which of MC33389A is power switch chip

22、providing the CPU working voltage (5V)；it turns the ignition swithing signal, the vehicle door switching signal and the panel switch signal by SPI on the micro controller to carry on awakens, reset , interrupt and so on； Also it has the fault-tolerant function driver of CAN physics level ； In addition, it may turn the system on finished Automobile network. Leading role of MC33884 is the real-time monitor panel switchs condition and actuates boards headlamp. MC33887 is a driving circuit chip, which uses in the rear view