外文翻译--变形监测研究现状综述

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1、附录 ： Distortion monitor research present situation summary Abstract this article on from distortion monitor technology, monitor data thick difference recognition, displacement analysis and distortion forecast and so on several aspects, summary distortion jail Measured the research the present situat

2、ion, carries on the thorough analysis to the existing distortion monitor theory and the technical method serviceability and its the existence question, and discusses its development tendency. Key word distorts the monitor； The displacement analyzes； Distortion forecast； Research present situation 1

3、introduction The distortion (Deformation) is refers to the deformable body in under each kind of influence factor function, its shape, size and position in time air zone change. The nature has each kind of form the distortion, like the earths crust deformation, the landslide, mining cave in, the hig

4、h-rise construction swings as well as the dam distortion and so on. Studies and in the project domain distortion said, when the distortion quantity does not surpass the certain scope, cannot cause the harm, but when the distortion quantity surpasses the permission scope which the deformable body can

5、 withstand, then often can bring the serious disaster. The earthquake, the volcaniceruption, the crag collapse, the landslide, the dam and the bridge breaks down collapses and so on, all is the typical distortion destruction phenomenon. These disasters occurrences, seriously harm humanitys life and

6、property security, the various countries every year therefore suffers massive loss. Because many disaster soccurrences and the distortion have the extremely close relation, thus, the distortion monitor research in domestic and foreign has received the widespread value. 2 distortions monitors technol

7、ogy Along with the science and technology progress and to the distortion monitor request unceasing enhancement, the distortion monitor technology also in unceasingly develops. Before 1980s, the distortion monitor mainly is uses the convention ground survey technology and certain special survey metho

8、ds. The convention ground survey, is uses routine measurement instrument station the and so on the altazimuth, level, distance gauge, entire station meter distortion value. Its merit： (1) Can provide the deformable body whole the strained condition； (2) Is suitable to the different monitor precision

9、 request, the different form deformable body and the different monitor renvironment； (3) May provide the absolute deformation information. But field operation work load big, the stationing the topographical condition influence, is not been easy to realize the automate dmonitor. The special survey me

10、thod including the strain-gauging, surveys and inclines the survey, it has the survey process simply, may monitor the deformable body interior the distortion, is easy to realize merit and so on automated monitor, but usually only provides partial and the relative distortion information. In the recen

11、t 10 years, the short distance photo grammetry in the tunnel, the bridge, the dam, the landslide and aspect and so on high-rise construction distortion monitor obtained the wide spread application, its monitor precision may achieve the mm level. Short distance photo grammetry merit： (1) May absorb u

12、nder the instantaneous precise recording the object the information and the position relations； (2) May use in the rule, is irregular or can contact the object the distortion monitor； (3) In the picture information rich, is objective and also may the long-term preservation, is advantageous tocarries

13、 on the distortion the contrast analysis； (4) The monitor work simple, fast, is safe. In recent years develops numeral photo graphic survey technology, also in distortion monitor and so on the building and landslide obtained the successful application, and demonstrates the good application prospect.

14、 At present distorts the monitor newest technology is the distortion monitors the robot the application. The GPS global positioning system application has brought a profound revolution for the survey technology. According to the material in troduced that, overseas starts from the 1980s with GPS to c

15、arry on the distortion monitor. In recent years, our country in carried on the landslide using GPS to distort, the dam distorts, mining area aspect and so on ground settlement and earths crust deformation monitor, has done the massive research work. The GPS distortion monitor mainly has following me

16、rit： (1) The precision is higher, is bigger than 10km when the base length, its relative accuracy may achieve 10-610-7,obviously surpasses the tradition geodetic survey monitor technology； (2) The monitor the weather condition limit, may not carry on the all-weather monitor； (3) The monitor, the rec

17、ord, calculated entire automatically completes, has guaranteed monitor achievement objective and the reliability, simultaneously greatly reduced monitoredpersonnels labor intensity； (4) Between the test point does not need the inter visibility, the point sort not the topographical condition limit； (

18、5) The test point three dimensional coordinates may also determine； (6) Its fishing net expense approximately for convention geodetic survey technology fishing net expense 1/61/3. Along with the computer technology, the wireless communication technology, the spatial technology and the geoscience rap

19、id development, 3S (GPS,GIS, RS) the technology has developed from respective in dependence enters mutually integrates the fusion the stage. 3S the technical integration may for analyze and studies between each kind of information the reciprocity provide the technical strut, specially tense GIS (Tem

20、poral GIS, is called TGIS) the technical application, it may describe the four-dimensional space geological phenomenon, besides has general GIS the function, but also can record studies in the region each geological phenomenon as necessary between deductive process, this to geological disaster the a

21、nd so on the landslide monitor forecast has the count for much function. Therefore, studies based on 3S the integrated distortion monitor system, is distorts a monitor technology important development tendency. Moreover, carries on the engineering structure using the survey robot the automated disto

22、rtion monitor, generally may select two methods according to the actual situation： One kind is fix edentire automatically continues to monitor the way； One kind moves the periodic net observation way. In The engineering structure distortion automation monitor aspect, surveys the robot gradually to b

23、ecome the first choice the auto mated survey technical equipment. 3 displacements analysis method. After the distortion monitoring network two issues obtain the coordinates difference, possibly moves the quantity, also possibly is the observation error reflection (namely test point moves by no means

24、). Therefore, must carry on the displacement analysis in the distortion monitor data processing. The existing distortion monitoring network displacement analysis method, may in duce into the simple point displacement analysis, the whole displacement analysis and the steady iteration power estimates

25、3 methods. The simple point displacement analysis has the comparison test and the t inspection method. Comparison test use simple, but quite rough, the t inspection method effect is better, at present applies widely. Pelzer proposed in 1971 at present widely uses whole displacement analysis average gap law. The steady iteration power estimated the law is first carries on