外文翻译 --起重机的历史与用途

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1、 1 中文 6240 字 The Use and History of Crane Every time we see a crane in action we remains without words, these machines are sometimes really huge, taking up tons of material hundreds of meters in height. We watch with amazement and a bit of terror, thinking about what would happen if the load comes o

2、ff or if the movement of the crane was wrong. It is a really fascinating system, surprising both adults and children. These are especially tower cranes, but in reality there are plenty of types and they are in use for centuries. The cranes are formed by one or more machines used to create a mechanic

3、al advantage and thus move large loads. Cranes are equipped with a winder, a wire rope or chain and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capabi

4、lity of a human. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment. Crane is the modernization of the production process e

5、ssential tool, but also reasonable production indispensable for production equipment. Production safety and reduce accidents more prominent role.Along with the scale of production expansion, the automaticity enhancement, took the material transporting important equipment the hoist crane applies in t

6、he modernization production process more and more broadly, the function is increasingly big, more and more is also high to the hoist crane request, the science and technology rapid development, impelled the modern design and the manufacturing capacity enhancement, the intense international market co

7、mpetition also more and more relies on the technical competition.These all urge the hoist crane the technical performance to enter the brand-new development phase, the hoist crane is experiencing a huge transformation.Presently. Construction of tower cranes as a symbol of the important and major tra

8、nsport machinery, in the construction industry has been widely used. Its work is characterized, in accordance with construction materials in great need of space within the take-off and landing and handling, is a dangerous operation. Therefore, if the tower crane in the design, manufacture, installat

9、ion, use and maintenance on the part of some negligence on the possible casualties and equipment accidents. In practice, how to improve the safety of the nature of the tower crane, how to reasonably good use and management of tower cranes, tower cranes to better play its role, the construction indus

10、try is one of the urgent need to solve the problem. Tower Crane (hereinafter referred to the tower crane), as the main construction site of construction machinery, lifting its height, covering a wide range of features have been widely used in building construction site, charged with the task of the

11、main vertical transportation. But also because of their high center of gravity and danger of the characteristics of large, often in this or that safety accidents, to peoples lives and property losses. Serious and even fatal plane to crash occurred, Qunsiqunshang of major accidents. Therefore, how to

12、 enhance the safe use of tower crane and management from the manufacturers, construction enterprises and the building of the administrative departments attach great importance. This paper will be as follows to the area with their many years of use, management and analysis experience, the 2 tower cra

13、ne on the safe use and management of doing simple, with a view to better do a good job in this work. 1. Data Management Construction enterprises or tower crane tower crane should be the owner of the production license, product certification and entry permits, the use of brochures, electrical schemat

14、ics, plans hydraulic system, drivers operating permit, the tower crane foundation plans, geological prospecting, Tap-entry programme, security technology Jiaodi, the main components of the warranty (rope, high-strength connecting bolts, Anchor Bolt and major electrical components, etc.) to the tower

15、 crane at the test center, the tower crane detected after passing the test center, access to safe Permits, and installed with the project manager after the handover of the records, while in day-to-day use of the tower crane to strengthen the dynamic track management to make Taiwan class records, ins

16、pection records and maintenance records (including minor repairs, repair, overhaul ) And relevant persons responsible for the signing, on the maintenance of the process of replacing consumable materials and a certification or quality assurance on the above material and timely prepared for the archiv

17、es, the establishment of a one-stall accounting. 2. Enables management Dismantling the tower crane accident is the multi-stage. Because of improper removal and installation of substandard quality and safety incidents caused by a large proportion. Tap-entry must be the qualified entry units operating

18、, but also in quality of the installation in the demolition. Enables staff to undergo special operations training, a certain experience and the holder of the entry posts, and to complete all trades staff, positions clearly, carry out their duties and obey the unified command, in the process of debug

19、ging, technical professional electrician And the level of responsibility is very important to have electricians and electrical permit lifting the card, we have a lot of the tower crane test data statistics, the city found a detachable units this year to the current installation of a total of 54 Taiw

20、an tower crane, and not the first seizure Qualified 47 Taiwan, the first seizure pass rate was only 13 percent, most of which is due to the installation of electrical installation technology poor, dismantling units lax management and safety awareness has yet to be further improved. Therefore, we in

21、the business units to strengthen the training of special projects, and have achieved good results. It was also due to market entry cost of entry is not in accordance with the budget price, or even 400 to 500 yuan to install a tower crane, which has also led to deterioration in the quality of the ins

22、tallation of an important reason. Entry to the dismantling of the special programme, a programme to install technical unit responsible for vetting people signing and entry units involved in dismantling the warning area and the alert line, for personal command, staff not prohibit admission, in strict

23、 accordance with the entry Procedures and the requirements of operating manuals, when the case of wind more than four to stop entry, wind over six confidential tower crane operations cease. Special circumstances do the work at night need to have adequate lighting, special circumstances do need to be

24、 operating at night and the car driver hanging on the entry procedures and full attention to the matter of consultation and consensus. 3. Tower crane foundation Tower crane tower crane is based on the fundamental Practice has proved that many major accidents are due to tower crane foundation problem

25、s caused, it is affecting the overall 3 stability of the tower crane an important factor. Some of the accident site due to 抢 period, not enough strength in the concrete circumstances and hastily installed, and some accidents are due to lack of endurance, and some because of the excavation near the f

26、oundation and even lead to a landslide displacement, or because of stagnant water and Produced uneven settlement, and so on, and so on, will lead to serious safety accidents. We must attach great importance, Lai Bude the slightest bit of ambiguity, the stability of the tower crane tower crane collap

27、se of the capacity of the largest tower crane collapse of the accident is the rollover. So when the tower crane foundation, we must ensure that the stamina to meet the design requirements, the strength of reinforced concrete design value of at least 80 percent. The basement of a tower crane foundati

28、on to take special measures to deal with: should be made on the basis of the piling and pile-based Anchor Bolt reinforced with solid welded together. Concrete foundation formed to reinforce the bottom, the foundation can not make the bottom of the pot-bottom. Anchor Bolt based on the size of error m

29、ust be in strict accordance with the requirements of the plan is based, Anchor Bolt to maintain sufficient ground exposed the length of each Anchor Bolt to double-nut tightening. Before installing the foundation to deal with the surface to ensure that the basis of the level of not more than 1 / 1000

30、. At the same time may not be the basis of stagnant water tower crane, water will cause uneven settlement of the tower crane foundation. In the vicinity of the tower crane foundation are not allowed to randomly digging holes or ditching. 4. Safe distance Crane in the layout of the time to draw the f

31、loor plan, especially in real estate development area, residential buildings, such as the forest of tower crane, to be considered a safe distance from the adjacent tower crane, in the horizontal and vertical direction to ensure that not less than 2 m in Safe distance between adjacent shaft and the t

32、ower crane boom can not interfere in, as far as possible ensure that tower cranes in the wind too much free time rotation. After the tower crane arm and the adjacent buildings safe distance of not less than 50 cm. Transmission line tower crane with a safe distance between to meet the requirements. T

33、he transmission line tower crane with a safe distance from the inadequate to the requirements of Table 1 tower-based protection,protection-Erection blackout in principle to Erection, shall not use metal materials, the use of materials such as bamboo pole. Bamboo pole and the distance transmission li

34、nes not less than 1 m to a certain extent the stability of the strength to prevent wind blown over. In order to ensure a safe distance from the reach above regulatory requirements, particularly in the construction area into a film, we in the normal security checks, will be the focus of our work forw

35、ard, the project started when the requirements of construction machinery enterprises will be the scene of the plane After a reasonable layout was good to us, for different construction enterprises not coordinated, it notified the building of a unified and coordinated units, for example, in our urban

36、 Sunny real estate community, Xingtan Garden District, the Garden District, such as Rhythm and Construction The scene have carried out special projects have achieved good results. 5. Safety devices In order to ensure the normal and the tower crane safety, we mandatory requirement in the tower crane at the time of installation must have the required safety devices, are: lifting torque limiter, from the weight limiter, a high degree of spacing devices, the rate limit, Rotary limit, hook insurance unit, reel insurance unit, wind anemometer, wire rope from slot insurance,