外文翻译---内隐和外显职业性别刻板印象
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1、 1 Implicit and Explicit Occupation-sex stereotypes Abstract This study was designed to compare implicit and explicit occupation-sex stereotypes for three occupations (engineer, accountant, and elementary school teacher). These occupations represented the end points and middle of a masculine-feminin
2、e continuum of explicit occupation-sex stereotypes. Implicit stereotypes were assessed using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is believed to minimize self-presentational biases common with explicit measures of occupation-sex stereotypes. IAT results for the most gender stereotyped occupati
3、ons, engineer (masculine) and elementary school teacher (feminine), were comparable to explicit ratings. There was less agreement with less stereotyped comparisons. Results indicated that accounting was implicitly perceived as more masculine than explicit measures indicate, which calls into question
4、 reports of diminishing gender stereotyping for such occupations. Keywords Occupation-sex stereotypes .Implicit stereotypes .Stereotypes .Implicit Association Test Popular beliefs have long held that because of their stereotyped traits and temperaments men and women are suited for different kinds of
5、 occupations. One of the earliest empirical examinations of these occupation-sex stereotypes was conducted by Shinar (1975) who showed that college students thought that some occupations required masculine traits, while others required feminine traits. The 2 method that Shinar (1975) and others (Beg
6、gs & Doolittlo, 1993; Whito, Kruczok, Brown,&Whito, 1989) used to study occupational stereotypes is the traditional method of measuring stereotypes of all typos. Indeed, it was first used by Katz and Braly (1935) in their very early work on national stereotypes. This approach treats stereotypes as a
7、 Collection of traits o r attributes that the respondent consciously and explicitly associates with members of different groups. Most conceptual treatments of stereotypes, and all popular accounts, have emphasized these explicit processes and their contents. Persons acquire stereotypes, in part, thr
8、ough personal experience. But because stereotypes are part of the beliefs and shared assumptions that societies have about different types of people and groups, they are also part of the societys collective knowledge. In order for a society to socialize its members, these stereotypes must be explici
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- 外文 翻译 以及 职业性 刻板 呆板 印象
