外文翻译--- 个人管理技巧

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1、 PERSONAL MANAGEMENT SKILLS Abstract:With the rapid development of construction industry,management skills of project manager has an important effect on project cost, quality, schedule. This paper from the project manager of the challenges and opportunities,using new innovations ,human aspects,assig

2、nment of work, motivation, decision making and time management introduces the personal management skill of project managers. Key words: project manager personal management skill Using new innovations motivation time management Challenges and Opportunities There is a great amount of pride and satisfa

3、ction in seeing a project completed and in operation. There are many challenges in managing engineering and construction due to the dynamic nature of projects. Solving problems as they arise instills a sense of satisfaction in the project manager and members of the project team. Most project manager

4、s agree that life-long friends are created by working with people on projects. Years after a project is completed, conversations between people who have worked together on past projects often turn to amusing memories of the problems that occurred and the methods used to resolve the problems. General

5、ly, the problems seem much less serious after the project is completed than they were during execution of the project. Successful people convert challenges to opportunities. Regardless of how difficult a problem may appear, there is always a way to resolve it. After completing a project, most projec

6、t managers are enthusiastically ready to start a new project. They look forward to the next project and the opportunity to apply the lessons learned from previous projects. Most project managers agree that they have fun doing their work. USING NEW INNOVATIONS New technologies sometimes are resisted

7、by people until they are proven. Too often the technology is available, but it is not used because people sometimes resist change. The successful project manager should assess new technology and devise innovative methods to incorporate the technology to enhance the project management process. The In

8、ternet is a technology that is currently available and has the potential to impact the way project managers do their work, similar to the impact of computers. The advantages of managing projects via the Internet are numerous, primarily in saving time and increasing efficiency. Information can be dis

9、tributed more rapidly to geographically dispersed owners, designers, contractors, and suppliers. Correspondence,drawings, and photographs can be posted on project-specific Internet sites and cataloged for easy access. Key team members can monitor data exchange, which greatly reduces turnaround time

10、for decision making. For example, using traditional methods it may take an hour just to process a request for information (RFI) and then take days or weeks to get an answer for the RFI. Now electronic RFIs can be submitted and logged almost instantly, and responses are often made the same day or wit

11、hin a few days. Designers, suppliers, and contractors know they are accountable with web-enabled project management. Today, many companies operate in a paperless environment by using the electronic media of the Internet. The increased efficiencies are attracting the attention of project managers who

12、 are pressed to accomplish more work in less time. Projects are getting more complex, and project personnel are expected to deliver results more quickly. Furthermore, team members are spread over a wider geographic location compared to projects in the past. Today, design work done in any location ca

13、n be transmitted to any other location of the world almost immediately via the Internet. Design work can progress continuously, on a twenty-four-hour basis, by transferring documents from one design office to another to countries across the world. Websites improve both internal and external communic

14、ations. It can be a significant public information tool. A company can establish public and private websites for a project. The general public can visit one website for the latest on traffic conditions and construction schedules, while team members use a different site to exchange detailed design an

15、d construction information. The private site can save a vast amount of time by providing rapid data exchange among numerous offices and Subcontract working on a project.E-mail is the most common and often used aspect of the Internet. It allows users to send written messages with optional attachments

16、 to anyone in the world who has a computer . Attachments can include drawing files,word processing documents, spreadsheets, photos, multimedia clips, and web pages. Faxes can also be sent over the Internet instead of over regular voice lines. Web-enabled management systems add speed and efficiency t

17、o processing project information. The systems also reduce confusion and redundancy for owners, designers, and contractors trying to accomplish work as quickly and efficiently as possible. For example, the Internet can be used in recording delivery records, progress updates, and other data in the fie

18、ld and transferring them to a database incorporated in a companys web system. Another example is the application of project schedules, using an Internetenabled tool designed to allow team members to see their assignments across multiple projects using a web browser. Developing, maintaining, and comm

19、unicating the project schedule is vital to the process of project management. Whether through CPM（ Critical Path Method） scheduling or simple calendar schedules, a website can be used to post current and near-term activities. In place of a local area network, a web server can be used as a central re

20、pository for project documents. The documents may include word processing files, spreadsheets, photographs, and drawings. Users can add and check in and check out existing documents. Documents and file systems can be used during the design or construction phase but are more common in the design phas

21、e.Project administration can also be greatly enhanced via the web. Web-enabled systems can manage work flow. In addition to document management, the software can create, log, track, and index project documents. Other functions include to-do lists, notification of events for project members, or requi

22、red follow-up activities.Digital technology has made it extremely easy to take pictures and video and include them with documents on the websites. Complete photo histories can be stored in a database and be available for on-line retrieval. This can provide documentation during execution of the proje

23、ct as well as resolution of disputes. Job cost reports can also be published for review. For security, limited access to cost information can be provided without permitting access to an accounting system.Status reports can be published on-line with links to other information, such as schedules, cost

24、 reports, RFIs, or accident reports. This provides a way of giving users a document-based database that is easy to maintain and control. Voice and multimedia are another application of project management via the Internet. The Internet can be used as a facilitator of voice communication. E-mail can n

25、ow carry attachments video . Inexpensive hardware and software also allow two or more users to teleconference on-line or allow users to get a live video feed from an on-line camera.This is an effective tool for resolving problems in the field by a team of experts who may be located in the home offic

26、e without requiring them to travel to the job-site. Security of information can he addressed by use of Intranets and Extranets. An Intranet is an Internet site set up for private use of a company that might include certain corporate financial data, schedules, bulletins, and human resource informatio

27、n or other confidential information. Intranets can save companies money by reducing the amount of hard copy notices and flies that might be printed and distributed manually or by mail. An Extranet is an Internet site set up by a company for shared use with others. It might contain a variety of infor

28、mation with limited or full access to its employees； trading partners, such as subcontractors； and suppliers； or the general public. Project-specific websites are included in this category. The success of project management via the web has a tremendous potential for saving time and increasing produc

29、tivity, but education and training are essential. The project manager must understand the technology and exercise innovation to adapt the new technology. For any new technology, precautions must be taken. For example, transmitting designs and data over the Internet can open up new areas for errors,

30、omissions, and unauthorized revisions. Confirmed receipt of information may sometimes be necessary to ensure the information has been received. Use of the web is just one example of incorporating technology into the work process. As new technologies are developed the project manager must be responsive to potential applications and devise methods to incorporate the technology to increase the efficiency of project management. HUMAN ASPECTS The information is gathered and managed to successfully bring a project to completion. Although a system must be developed for management and control of a