采矿工程毕业设计外文翻译----新技术和新理论的采矿业跨世纪发展

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1、原文： DEVELOPING OF TRANS-CENTURY MINING SUBJECT WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY AND NEW THEORY Abstract： Mining subject needs further development and towards which the development would being the problems concerned over all along and to be succeeded with the public good enough attention to discussions to reach a

2、n identify of views admittedly. The emergence in succession of new-and-high techs in the mid-and late twentieth century is perhaps the most fascinating and epoch-marking event that has given to all the subjects certain but different degrees of impacts to become more closely interrelative and interde

3、partmental each other and feature specifically from that of the past for their entirely new conceptions in the result of formulating many new theories， new technologies and new subjects that mining subject is inevitably and unexceptionally the one inclusive. The acuter gives in this paper his opinio

4、n regarding the problem of the development of mining subject proving with many convincible facts and most informative new idea, Key words: mining subject； mineral industry； mineral economics； new-and-high tech. 1 The Importance of Mining Industry in the National Economy Today, it has been paid unpre

5、cedented attention to the development of technology worldwide.The advance of space engineering,information engineering， biological engineering and marine engineering， the discovery and the research and development of the new energy and new materials increasingly change every aspect of human life bot

6、h at present and in the future.The words Science and Technology being the First Production Force has fatherly and penetratingly pointed out the important role of new technology in the course of national economy construction. In the competition of several big countries in the world striving for the e

7、xploration of outer space， one should not forget the essential fact that there are more than five billion people living on the earth. To assure the survival of mankind on the earth，four essential requirements should be considerably fulfilled， namely， the nutrients，materials， fuels and the environmen

8、t. The nutrients mainly are air， water， forests，grains and miscellaneous plants， all of which are acquired from the nature. The materials refer to iron， ferrous metals， rare metals， precious metals， chemical raw materials and building materials. The fuels cover coal， petroleum， natural gas ,oil shal

9、e， uranium， thorium and other radioactive elements. These also occur in nature. The last one is the ecological environment depending on which mankind lives. In the above three essential substances， the materials and fuels are through mining engineering extract from bining industry is a conventional

10、industry, however，with the advance of the new technologies and the introduction of them into mining industry which will be reduced of itself final1y- a technology-intensive industry. The emergence of highly mechanized and automated mines and robot-operated manless working face marks the renewal and

11、substitution of technologies of mining industry and proves the fact that mining industry. However， is conventional industry, but not sunset industry. As long as mankind live on the earth， mining industry will last forever and never decline and fall， instead， as mans living demands increases， the out

12、put of fuels and raw materials will be increased by a big marg and mineral industry will still gain a much greater development. 2 The Object of Study of the Mining Subject 2. 1 The Tasks and the Special Features of 1liining Subject Historically and the Special Features of 1liining Subject the develo

13、pment of mining subject has its own course of change and development both at home and abroad. Since mining industry is closely related with geology, metallurgical and energy industry consequently in the subject relationships， they are interrelative and interdepartmental each other. As mining subject

14、 branch of science dealing with the extraction and utilization of minerals and the resources from inside the earth， on the sake of the complexity and multiplicity of the rock mass and mineral resources of great nature which makes the basic theories of mining subject being more complicated than that

15、of any other engineering subject. Especially in the following aspects featured: the objects of mining subjects are the ore bodies occurred in nature that they differ each other in structure， quality， and property. 3 Five Urgent Requirements on the Tendency towards the Trans-century Development of Mo

16、dern Mining Subjects 3. 1 Renewing the Knowledge of Strata 11Zechanics Above all rock and or ore properties are the prerequisites of the subjects of the study of mining engineering regardless of whether it is excavation， comminuting or strata ,stability strata mechanics is required to make the study

17、 along two aspects:(1)From the micro-study to the macro-study(2) The study of the contradictions between rock-breaking and rock stability in the course of mining and excavating. Therefore it is a very broad field of academic studyComparing with common solid materials， rocks are featured structurally

18、 for their non-homo. 3.2 AnewKnowledgeofMiningEngineering System-thehian-Nature-Rfachine Systern ， System engineering had found in recent years very rapid development， and wide applications m mining engineering. Been modeled after the man-machines Generally, mining systems engineering considerably s

19、tudies had system model used in aerospace engineering and other departments of en Bering. In recent years， Prof. Fettwice of the Montan University of Austria and the author of this paper both had put forth the opinion that the objects of mining engineerm8 Machine are ore bodies and rock strata, the

20、activities of mining engineering are those played with by the man in getting the knowledge of the environment underground. 3.3 Reforming the Conventional Mining Technologies and Industries with Modern New technologies The major policy of China of reforming the conventional industries with new-and-hi

21、gh techsof great importance and no doubt to its conventional industries.The essential features of new-and-high techs are highly technology-intensive. Just as discussed in the beginning of this paper， speaking with respect to the reforming of mining engineering and coal industry with new-and-high tec

22、hs， it is essential to introduce merely those ones which enable to make these two industries swiftly commercialized. Since mine is concerned with the natural surroundgas of ground， the newtechs， however， as those used in aerospace engineering in the care for going up to sky when used for 0gettingdow

23、n intothe earthin mining engineering practices evidently are needed to make completely different modalities. In 1080s，Berlin Poly ethnic university had applied optic fiber telecommunication technology- in underground mining， giving rise to abundant interference problems of earth magnetism， electrici

24、ty and light wave, and the insulation of strata to the conduction electronic waves. The BPM man had the problems s finally tailed， however， through a long time of research work. Therefore， to have the minerals industries well prepared technically for the 21st century， to paying great attention the f

25、ollowing fields of study are required3. 3.4Making the study of market-economy mineral economics theories For a long time that the mineral economics theory in China had been given distinct features of planning economy， while in the theory itself， mineral resources were not recognized ascommodities an

26、d had no prices. Consequently， even though the mineral products had pricesbut were distorted ones making all national mining enterprises non-profitable and to exist depending on governmental policy-subsidization. Now the country, however， has changed intosocialist market economy, most mineral enterp

27、rises radically cannot accommodate themselvesto this new situation， in particular， from the point of view of Enriching the peasants policyto put forward to the exploitation of mineral resources， the near-term policy of the so-called“wherever there water， flow it fast， which had made the mineral indu

28、stry from the repeated view-point of and the enriching the Pleasants policy, has caused the price deficit due to low selling-price of minerals into even worse situation of disorder， no-restraint and anarchy ofscrambling for extracting the mineral resources putting the mineral industries in a tight s

29、pot unabling to feed themselves. Under this circumstance， the importance of undertaking the softscience research right now becomes more conspicuous to the mineral industries than ever before. One can predict that had the theoretical study of mineral economics theory been made ,portent break troughs， that it would radically change the face of our mineral industries. 3.5 Relationship between Mineral Engineering and Natural Ecology Mining engineering is the removal of rocks and minerals to the surface through