外文翻译---土耳其农村城镇化进程中的环境问题

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1、山东理工大学本科毕业论文 1 Turkey Rural Urbanization in environmental issues Abstract This article highlights the government in the process of urbanization in the important role played by institutional, legislative and a series of policies to effectively alleviate or even solved in the process of urbanization i

2、n the environmental pollution. The paper also analyzed by using a landscape ecology of a city in Turkey Aydin, hopes to further improve the landscape ecology of urbanization in environmental protection. In addition, to rise public awareness of environmental protection for the public to participate i

3、n environmental protection and supervision in the past, the real process of urbanization in the coordinated development of economy and environment. Keywords: Urbanization, Government, Environmental Protection, Public Awareness 山东理工大学本科毕业论文 2 1. Introduction Urbanization generates cultural and sociol

4、ogical change. Alteration of lifestyles from rural to urban changes peoples perceptions about their environment and the way they use this environment. Urbanization gradually but profoundly changes spatial patterns and the ecological functioning of the landscape matrix. Urbanized landscapes are highl

5、y dynamic, complex, and multifunctional. The institutional environment is critical in shapin g patterns of development. This environment consists of formal rules (e.g., property rights, laws, constitutions, international treaties) and informal constraints such as norms of behavior, conventions, and

6、self-imposed codes of conduct, and characteristics of their enforcement. The case study described in the present paper investigated the transformation in land use in the Aydin urban area of western Turkey. Urbanization is encroaching upon the highly fertile agricultural lands and surrounding natural

7、 areas, and the social structure of the city is changing as increasing numbers of people arrive from eastern Turkey and rural areas around the city. Understanding these dynamics will help regional planners to develop policies and plans to safeguard the ecology of rural landscapes and promote sound u

8、rban planning. This research primarily uses theory and methodology landscape ecology to analyze land use dynamics in the study area. 2. Urbanization in Turkey In Turkey, the urbanization rate is higher than in other developing countries, particularly since the 1950s. Between 1960 and 2000, the total

9、 population increased from 6.9 million to 44 million, and the proportion of people living in urban areas increased from 25.1% to 65%. Industrialization has played a major role in the development of Turkish cities, particularly given the migration triggered by industrialization. Although agriculture

10、accounts for 40% of employment in Turkey, its share in overall income has fallen progressively, declining from almost 50% of GNP in 1950 to 13% of GNP in 2003. The relatively poor showing of the agricultural sector reflected, in part, government policies that had made rapid industrialization a natio

11、nal priority. Additional factors such as advances in the transportation network have also contributed to these changes. Moreover, Turkish citizens who have lived in other countries generally prefer to live in cities after they return to Turkey. Turkeys national policy towards urbanization and the environment has evolved during this period. There is a direct relationship between urbanization and environmental policy. Development of the necessary policies and legislation has a short history because attention towards