土木工程外文翻译---LHC土建著作中的CERN 在大型工程项目中的作用

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1、PDF外文：http:/  中文 4380 字   毕业设计外文资料翻译    题     目   LHC 土建著作中的 CERN 在   大型工程项目中的作用        学     院       土木建筑学院            专     业         土木工程    

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3、bsp;                 指导教师                              二一  年  三 月 二十九  日   - 2 -   THE ROLE OF CERN IN THE LARGE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS FOR LHC CIVIL WORKS Pedr

4、o dAa Castel-Branco ST Division Civil Engineering Group (ST/CE) CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract：  The contracts for the civil engineering construction of the LHC are basedupon the standard FIDIC (Fdration Internationale des IngnieursConseils) document entitled "Conditions of Contract fo

5、r Works of Civil Engineering Construction". FIDIC is a reputable supra-national and worldwide Federation of Consulting Engineers focused on the definition andregulation of the role of many parties involved with the International Construction Industry.  An overview of FIDICs and other Organ

6、izations,such as the World Bank, standard documents is presented. The difference between standard Contract documents and standard Bidding documents ispointed out. In view of CERNs status as an intergovernmental Organization, the original FIDIC standard documents needed to be adapted.The modification

7、s are identified and explained. A concise definition of therole of each party concerned by the LHC construction Contracts, i.e. theContractor, the Engineer and the Client (CERN), is made. Finally, a brief cost-benefit analysis on this particularly contract drafting exercise is presented along with s

8、ome preliminary conclusions and an outline of foreseen difficulties with the Contract management. 1. INTRODUCTION:  The civil engineering works for the LHC Project are divided into three main packages, plus one additional package for the injection tunnel TI8. Package 1 consists of all new under

9、ground and surface structures to be constructed on Swiss territory at Point 1. Identically, Package 2 consists of all new underground and surface structures to be constructed on French territory at Point 5. Unlike packages 1 and 2, package 3 is geographically spread around the LEP and SPS rings and

10、consists ofall underground and surface structures to be constructed that are not located at either Point 1 or 5.The design and construction supervision of the new works was awarded in three separate packages, each one to a different multinational joint venture of engineering companies. For the desig

11、n and construction supervision purposes, Injection Tunnel TI8 is an integral part of package 3. Package 1 is currently being designed by a joint venture between Electricit de France and Knight Pisold of the United Kingdom. Package 2 was awarded to a joint venture of Gibb (United Kingdom), SGI (Switz

12、erland) and Geoconsult (Austria), and    - 3 -  package 3 to a joint venture of Brown & Root of the United Kingdom and Intecsa of Spain. Similarly, the construction contracts of the new works are to be awarded in three separate packages to different international contracting conso

13、rtia as follows: Package 1 to Teerag Asdag of Austria, Baresel of Germany and Locher of Switzerland； package 2 to the Spanish/Italian joint venture comprising Dragados and Seli； and package 3, excluding Injection Tunnel TI8, to the Anglo- French consortium of Taylor Woodrow, Amec and Spie Batignolle

14、s. The construction contract for Injection tunnel TI8 will be placed on the Swiss market only. 2. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS: One of the critical factors for the success of the procurement and subsequent management of largeconstruction projects is the Contract strategy, i.e., the type of Contra

15、ct to adopt. Knowing thatCERNs past experience in this field was not entirely successful and given CERNs characteristics in terms of organization and work procedures, we were able to identify several potential weaknesses in CERN that could undermine our position as Employer (client). It was obvious

16、that this potential weakness should be removed from the Contract. The Contract is a document that defines the Scope of Services and is composed by two interdependent parts: (i) the Legal and Commercial Section, entitled the Form of Contract, and (ii) the Technical Section. The Technical Section is w

17、here the Scope of Services or the Product is fully described in terms of layout, specifications, requirements, planning and risks. In the Form of Contract are stated the Contract management rules, the role and interfaces of each party and where is allocated the inherent Contract risk. Several types

18、of Contracts are commonly used in the construction industry: (i) Cost-plus Contracts, which contractors are reimbursed for the direct construction costs plus an agreed profit premium (usually a percentage of the direct construction costs)； (ii) Re-measurement Contracts, based on a Bill of Quantities

19、 and a series of unit rates； (iii) Alliance Contracts, based on performance and goals in order to make the contractor an active and interested party in the overall success of the project, and (iv) Turn-key Contracts in which the total contract price is a lump sum. These different types of Contracts

20、are associated with different contract risks. In a Cost-plus Contract, the employer bears almost all the Contract risk. In a Re-measurement Contract, contractors assume the part of the risk associated with the organization, methods and means of the construction activity/process. In an Alliance Contract, contractors assume not only the risk associated with the Re-measurement Contracts, but also the risks attached to the failure of the projects pre-set objectives and goals. In a Turn-key Contract, the