外文翻译--国内医学仪器工程的现状和存在的问题

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1、 PDF外文：http:/  毕业设计（论文）  外文翻译    译文 题目：  国内医疗仪器的现状和存在的问题   学生姓名：                 学  号：               专     业：   生物医学工程   方  向：  医疗仪器    指导教师：   &

2、nbsp;                                   2013 年 3 月 8 日      Present status and problems of domestic medical instrument engineering. Biomedical Engineehng  V. A. Viktorov, V. P. Gundarov, and A. P

3、. Yurkevich    UDC 615.47:681.2(470):008  In recent years considerable progress has been achieved in domestic medical instrument engineering. Many plants and scientific-research organizations of machine-making and the defense industry have changed their profile toward production of me

4、dical equipment.  However, medical equipment often meets a reluctant market because of funding cuts in health services. Medical organizations often cannot satisfy even their basic requirements for diagnostic and therapeutic devices.  Also, health service organizations tend to buy foreign r

5、ather than domestic medical equipment because the former are easily available on the domestic market and prices for both are comparable because of inflation.  The transition to a market economy in Russia has had substantial impact on the relations between domestic manufactur- ers and consumers

6、of medical devices. The spectrum and quality of available items has been significantly extended in recent  years. It should be also noted that available models of medical devices are continuously updated, which makes them sufficiently competitive.  Representative information on the updatin

7、g dynamics of domestic medical equipment is summarized in Table 1. The data were provided by the VNIIMP-VITA Joint-Stock Company, which compiles a data bank of such information.  Generally, new items account for 37% of total production of medical devices. Routinely produced devices (duration of

8、 production, 2-5 years) account for 28%. Medical devices of long-term production (5-10 years) account for 17% and obsolete nomenclature (devices produced for more than 10 years) accounts for 18%.  It is seen from Table 1 that in recent years there has been considerable progress in the updating

9、of production of medical equipment. For example, according to the VNIIMP-VITA Joint-Stock Company, the share of the items that have been produced for no longer than 5 years in 1988 did not exceed 35%, while now it is 65%. For the items that have been produced for more than 10 years such shares are 4

10、0 and 18%, respectively.  Updating of produced medical devices was encouraged by the increase in the number of designers and manufacturers, particularly those of former defense industry facilities. In collaboration with foreign partners they set up joint ventures for producing medical equipment

11、.  Analysis of the updating of the various groups of medical equipment is of substantial interest.  It is seen from Table 1 that detoxication devices contribute dominantly to the group of items that have been updated within the standard period of up to 5 years (100% of production, includin

12、g modern devices for hemodialysis and hemosorption).  Comparatively high updating indices are observed for devices for functional diagnosis: 72% of these devices have been produced for no longer than 5 years, and obsolete devices account for only 9% of total production. However, it should be no

13、ted that although production of some obsolete devices has been terminated, equipment of similar functional capacity is still urgently needed.  Relatively low updating indices are observed among the devices for intensive care and resuscitation: 16% of new items and comparatively many obsolete de

14、vices (26%). Among new models apparatuses for artificial lung ventilation are worth mention. However, some apparatuses, which have been developed long ago are still on the market because they have good performance, are quite reliable, and still are in demand. This reduces the updating index of the g

15、roup as a whole.  All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute for Medical Instrument Engineering, Rusaian Academy of Medical Sciences (VNIIMP-VITA Joint-Stock Company), Moscow. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 4-9, January-February, 1996. Original article submitted August 23, 19

16、95.  0006-3398/96/3001-0001515.00 y Plenum Publishing Corporation  TABLE 1. Updating of Basic Groups of Medical Devices and Apparatuses (% of total nomenclature)  这里有个表  The lowest updating indices are observed for devices for examining a patient's body structures. These are:

17、 ophthalmological, otolaryngological, and anthropometric devices, endoscopes, etc. The share of obsolete devices is high (44%), while the devices which have been produced for no more than 5 years account for only 20% of total production.  It should be noted that these results on medical equipme

18、nt updating are important general estimates, although they do not take into consideration specific achievements and shortcomings in the production of individual items. Therefore, some corresponding amendments are required.  Our survey of available information, including the VNIIMP-VITA Joint-St

19、ock Company data bank, materials presented at various exhibitions, and recent literature, shows that domestic medical industry has developed a number of original medical devices and apparatuses which were designed to replace similar obsolete models. However, many types of important and necessary med

20、ical devices still do not meet contemporary requirements, and some types of devices are not produced at all.  For example, in recent years production of some sophisticated medical devices (apparatuses for intensive care, resuscitation, and anesthesiology； devices for artificial lung ventilation

21、, respiratory narcosis devices, extracorporeal circulation) significantly rose, particularly at the former defense industry facilities, and their quality has been significantly improved. The functional performance of the devices is generally on par with foreign analogs.  Perfusion units have al

22、so been improved and their production has expanded. This allowed the demand of the health service organizations for such equipment to be satisfied completely. Modern domestic hemodialysis devices (Renart-10, Renan- 10RT, etc.) have been developed and brought into wide clinical practice.  The de

23、velopment and production of diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging systems (Obraz-3, TOROS) are considerable breakthroughs in domestic medical industry. This substantially extends diagnostic capacities of many health service organizations and provides them with topical diagnosis previously unavailabl

24、e domestically, although it is quite common in developed foreign countries.  Domestic medical industry has begun production of pulse oximeters； these are of particular use in surgery and resuscita-  tion. This bridged a substantial gap in the spectrum of available domestic medical devices.