BBS的发展史外文翻译

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1、 1 The history of Bulletin board system A bulletin board system, or BBS, is a computer system running software that allows users to connect and log into the system using a terminal program. Once logged in, a user can perform functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news

2、 and bulletins, and exchanging messages with other users, either through email, public message boards, and sometimes via direct chatting. Many BBSes also offer on-line games, in which users can compete with each other, and BBSes with multiple phone lines often provide chat rooms, allowing users to i

3、nteract with each other. Originally BBSes were accessed only over a phone line using a modem, but by the early 1990s some BBSes allowed access via a Telnet, packet switched network, or packet radio connection. Ward Christensen coined the term bulletin board system as a reference to the traditional c

4、ork-and-pin bulletin board often found in entrances of supermarkets, schools, libraries or other public areas where people can post messages, advertisements, or community news. By computerizing this method of communications, the name of the BBS 的发展史 电子公告板系统，或论坛，是一个计算机系统上运行的软件，允许用户连接并登录到系统中使用的终端程序。登录

5、后，用户可以执行的功能，如上传和下载软件和数据，阅读新闻和公告，并与其他用户的信息交换，或者通过电子邮件，公共留言板，有时通过直接聊天。许多 BBS 还提供 在线游戏，用户可以在其中互相竞争，和 BBS 与多个电话经常提供聊天室，允许用户相互作用。 本 BBS 访问仅在使用调制解调器的电话线，但在 20 世纪 90 年代早期的一些论坛允许访问通过 telnet，分组交换网络，或分组无线连接。 克里斯坦森创造了 “公告牌系统 ”作为一个借鉴传统软木公告板和销中经常发现的入口，超市，学校，图书馆和其他公共区域，人们可以发布消息，广告，或社区新闻。“计算机 ”这一方法的第一通信， BBS 系统的名字

6、是天生的： CBBS -电子布告栏系统。在其鼎盛时期，从 70 年代末到 90 年代中期，大多数 BBS 运行作 为一个的系统操作员，免费的爱好（或 “站长 ”），而其他用户访问的 BBS 收取订阅费，或是由企业为支持他们的客户的工作方式。公告板系统在很多方面都是万维网的现代形式的前体，社会化网络服务和互联网等方面。 大学生心理咨询网站的设计与实现 2 first BBS system was born: CBBS - Computerized Bulletin Board System. During their heyday from the late 1970s to the mid-1

7、990s, most BBSes were run as a hobby free of charge by the system operator (or sysop), while other BBSes charged their users a subscription fee for access, or were operated by a business as a means of supporting their customers. Bulletin board systems were in many ways a precursor to the modern form

8、 of the World Wide Web, social network services and other aspects of the Internet. As the use of the Internet became more widespread in the mid to late 1990s,traditional BBSes rapidly faded in popularity. Today, Internet forums occupy much of the same social and technological space as BBSes did, and

9、 the term BBS is often used to refer to any online forum or message board. Although BBSing survives only as a niche hobby in most parts of the world, it is still an extremely popular form of communication for Taiwanese youth (see PTT Bulletin Board System). Most BBSes are now accessible over Telnet

10、and typically offer free email accounts, FTP services, IRC and all of the protocols commonly used on the Internet. Some offer 随着互联网的使用越来越广泛，上世纪90 年代中后期，传统的 BBS 迅速褪色的流行。今天，互联网的论坛上占据相同的社会和技术空间 BBS 一样，和长期的 BBS 经常被用来指任何在线论坛或留言板。虽然bbsing 只能存活在世界大部分地区的一位爱好，它仍然是一个非常受欢迎的台湾青年交流形式（见 PTT 电子布告栏系统）。大多数 BBS 现在可以通

11、过 telnet 和通常提供免费的电子邮件， FTP 服务， IRC 和所有常用的网络协议。一些提供访问通过数据包交换网络，或分组无线连接。 早期的 BBS 往往是局部现象，作为一个有拨入一个 BBS 与电话 线和将要支付额外的长途费用对于一个论坛的本地电话区域。因此，许多用户的一个给定的 BBS 通常住在同一地区，和活动，如 BBS 满足或聚会是常见的，董事会的用户会在当地的餐馆收集，系统管理员的家或类似的场所和面对面。 早期的例子 向公众公告板系统的前体是社区记忆，开始于 1973 八月，伯克利，加利福尼亚，用硬接线端子位于街区。 1 社区记忆允许用户输入信息到一个终端插入硬币后，提供了一

12、个 “纯 ”的公告板的经验与公共消息只 （没有邮件或其他功能）。它所提供的与关键词标签信息的能力，它的用户可以搜索。 3 access through packet switched networks, or packet radio connections. Early BBSes were often a local phenomenon, as one had to dial into a BBS with a phone line and would have to pay additional long distance charges for a BBS out of the lo

13、cal calling area. Thus, many users of a given BBS usually lived in the same area, and activities such as BBS meets or get togethers were common, where users of the board would gather at a local restaurant, the sysops home or similar venue and meet face to face. Early examples A precursor to the publ

14、ic bulletin board system was Community Memory, started in August, 1973 in Berkeley, California, using hardwired terminals located in neighborhoods.1 Community Memory allowed the user to type messages into a terminal after inserting a coin, and offered a pure bulletin board experience with public mes

15、sages only (no email or other features). It did offer the ability to tag messages with keywords, which the user could search on. The first public dial-up BBS was developed by Ward Christensen and Randy Suess. According to an early interview, with the city snowed under during the Great Blizzard of 19

16、78 in Chicago, the two began 第一个公共拨号论坛由克里斯坦森和兰迪休斯发达。根据早期的采访，与城市的雪下在芝加哥的 1978 大暴雪，两人开始初步工作的电子布告栏系统，或 CBBS。 CBBS走在 1978 年 2 月 16 日在芝加哥，伊利诺斯在线。 2 CBBS，使 数据报道 253301人来电，连接才终于退休了。 增加的速度和实际使用 用于 BBS 需要创新的关键是海因斯smartmodem。对 smartmodem 之前，调制解调器操作几乎完全手册，从声耦合器，采用传统的电话拨号和挂断了。这样的系统是无用的 BBS 系统，因为他们不能断开呼叫的用户不在挂上电话后。该 smartmodem包括一个小的微控制器，听关键词的数据，允许它拿起电话，拨打号码，再挂上，都无需操作员干预。该 smartmodem BBS 是没有必要的，其他的调制解调器将处于 “回答 ”模式，但 smartmodem 操作极 为简单的用户端通过允许任何数量的 BBS 系统方便拨号。 与原来的 110 和 300 波特的调制解调器在 70 年代晚期， BBS 是特别慢，文件传输，通常局限于文本文件（ BBS 系统的列表是一个常见的例子）和小的应用软件，用于访问 BBS 通常的终端程序。随着 1200比特 /秒的耳中引入改进的速度的调制解调