外文翻译----职业经理人

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1、附录 1 Professional manager market Our professional manager market is not generated socialized production and social division of spontaneous developed to a certain stage, from some extent product manager market is the said our country socialist economic system reform I of the product. In a highly cent

2、ralized, in the early days of the planned economy, China enterprise managers appointment, ascension and dismissed by the government department is decided. In 1956, our country executes began under the leadership of the party committee director takes responsibility. 1966 to 1976, execute committees c

3、entralization and the partys leadership system, this period, state-owned enterprise leaders (director, secretary of the party committee, general manager, etc.) the main economic function is the leading organization functions and staff, to complete the enterprise superior issued plan tasks, the state

4、-owned enterprise executives political mission appears more important, they should not only be good solidarity and incentive work, but is also responsible for enterprise do society. In the cultural revolution, political principle is above all. Reform to the enterprise, countries in early, while auto

5、nomy and sharing enacted and implemented a series of economic responsibility system, especially the way with economic responsibility system, clear enterprise and enterprise the responsibilities of managers, to a certain extent, promotes the enterprise the responsibility, right and interest relations

6、, right combination, but still being complete reserve rating agencies. In 1981, actually regained the party under the leadership of the factory director responsibility.Since 1984, the leading system of state-owned enterprises gradually into the comprehensive promotion director responsibility system

7、transformation.Enterprise according to the manager or director, employee contributions to determine the residual allocation proportion corresponding, thus formed part of the factory director and worker income and enterprise performance hook system. In 1989, the industrial enterprises owned by the wh

8、ole people, director of the authority of the power, the director is significant revisions by certain weakened. Thereafter, the management system of business leaders more strengthening to uphold the partys leadership and the party tube cadre principle. In the 1990s the joint-stock pilot, implemented

9、some state-owned listed companies to implement the let managers practice that shareholding in a certain extent promote income and corporate performance director manager how tightly linked. Although, in 1995, the Chinese entrepreneurs survey system of survey, about two-thirds of the state-owned enter

10、prise managers assigned by superior departments still Chinese entrepreneurs and appointed (1995), survey system, Grove, however, if McMillan and Naughton, (1995) the 1980 to 1989 state-owned enterprises in the house was surveys also found that although samples over 80% of the manager still by superi

11、or departments evaluation decision, but, in choosing the managers decision, given the competent government faces incentive environment and they choose manager program changed, more effective manager market than before. Superior departments is more like the board of directors, managers with poor perf

12、ormance may be because they get fired, with the companys sales and profits, and the relevant related in reform hereafter even more significant. In December, 1993, the company law enacted, a joint stock limited company prescribed by the shareholders of shareholders, and composed by shareholders assem

13、bly elected chairman of the board, by all the board over half of the election. According to the company, the board of directors need session, chairman of the board of directors authorized the exercise by functions and powers of the board of directors. A joint stock limited company by the board of di

14、rectors shall have a manager, employment or dismissal. Board members may concurrently manager. Clear the executive duties of the development of the market for managers, provides a legal basis and guarantee. In September 1999, fifteen the fourth plenary session of the central committee of the CCP abo

15、ut by the state-owned enterprise reform and development certain major issue decision puts forward, corporate governance is the core of company. To clear the shareholders meeting or board and board of supervisors and managers formed their own governance, responsibility, the coordination, effective ch

16、ecks corporation governance structure of enterprise have finally. Owners control. Corporate governance and the state party first write in, decided important files no longer emphasize party command cadres principle. During this period, in private enterprises and high-tech enterprise have emerged, wit

17、h excellent knowledge structure of the advanced management concepts and professional managers. Professional managers in China as a class began to form. At present, the central government still control the state-owned enterprise executives to the appointment. LiuXiaoXuan (2001) points out, the enterp

18、rise of top management in government hands full control powers of patronage, local government and the central government with local and central respectively the subordinate enterprise executives powers of patronage. Firth, Fung and Rui (2002) listed companies on Chinas later found, our country depen

19、d more on internal mechanism to restrict the behavior of senior managers, rather than external market forces. In October 2003, through the third plenary session of the central committee of the CCP about to improve the socialist market economy system of a certain number of problems decision points ou

20、t: perfect the corporate governance structure. According to the modern enterprise system request, regulate the shareholder meeting, board of directors, supervisors and managers and accountability, perfect the enterprise leading persons of the employment system , to insist on the party tube cadre pri

21、nciple, with market mechanism of appointing enterprise managers. The central and local combined to strengthen and improve the party of state-owned important backbone enterprise leadership management, the party tube cadre principle again in the third plenary session of the decision, China market for

22、professional managers of development and perfection still have a long way to go. Although the development of Chinese professional manager market by the influence of various factors, but, with the slow development of the reform, equity capital market has been improved, supervisor government faces incentive environment and they choose the managers program manager market has changed, more effective than before.