外文翻译---迈向智能网络系统

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1、 - 1 - 毕业设计（论文）外文原文及译文 题目 ： Toward the Intelligent Web Systems / 迈向智能网络系统 一、外文原文 Toward the Intelligent Web Systems Radha Guha CSE Dept. of Amrita University, Coimbatore, India 641105 radhaguhaettimadai.amrita.edu Abstract The grand vision of Tim Barners-Lee, director of the World Wide Web Consortiu

2、m (W3C) founded in 1994,of changing the non-semantic Web (Web 1.0, Web 2.0)to semantic Web (Web 3.0) will connect all the websites and will make their systems interoperable.Though this system has not been fully matured yet, the goal of utilizing the full potential of the web by creating an interoper

3、able knowledge whole is not far from reach. With the emergence of various web technologies and innovative concepts of using the web to its fullest potential, the web is evolving fast toward an intelligent web systems. Ideally the intelligent web systems will be a combination of a semantic web and va

4、rious web services where the computers can automatically process the web contents and integrate their services. This paper reports which web technologies and protocols succeeded in realizing the current web and speculate what is going to be the possible future web architecture and its social impact.

5、 1. The Success Story of the Web In 1989 Tim Barners-Lee 1 invented the World Wide Web or WWW or W3, an internet-based hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP) for global information sharing. Hyper text markup language (HTML) was developed for displaying the web pages on a browser like Netscape or Intern

6、et Explorer running on a users computer. Domain name service (DNS) and universal resource locator (URL) naming conventions were developed to discover a machine on the internet which hosts a web page. - 2 - Since the inception of the web, the explosive growth of the number of websites and the number

7、of web users is an indication of its popularity amongst students, researchers, businesses and shoppers alike.Web is the most efficient medium for information collection and dissemination in the fastest and cheapest possible way. Web has changed our every day lives, it has changed the way students st

8、udy, teachers teach and companies run. This explosive growth of the web also has been possible due to the increased popularity of the use of personal computers (PCs) and increased speed of the internet access. Despite the huge success of the web as a platform and its wide spread social impact, the w

9、eb has not been studied and understood well as a whole system.This paper is about exploring the web technologies and tools which are enabling certain web applications and social interactions. These web technologies have enabled certain social interactions which in turn are shaping up the future appl

10、ication needs and infrastructure requirements (see Figure1) 2. In order to engineer the future web, the complex dynamics of social interactions, application needs and infrastructure requirements behind the web development needs to be studied and understood well. Figure 1. The social interactions ena

11、bled by the web put demands on the web applications behind them, in turn putting further demands on the webs infrastructure 2. 2. The Changing Trend of the Web The World Wide Web Web is expanding and evolving at a very fast rate. The trend of using the web has evolved over the years with the availab

12、ility of - 3 - various emerging web technologies. Evolution of the web can be grouped into three different trends namely Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. Web 1.0 had slow internet connections, at the most 50kbps (kilo bits per second) with a dial-up connection, whereas today in Web 2.0 the internet spe

13、ed has increased to 1mbps with broadband connections and going to increase beyond 10mpbs in Web 3.0 where high resolution video, 3D graphics, virtual reality and games display will be a norm. The web started with the trend of Web 1.0, which was all about transforming all printing media such as books

14、, music and news etc. to digital media to make it available online. Early web publishers were the university researchers. Subsequently many personal web pages were hosted on the free hosting server like G. Many had a guest book section for capturing the visitors opinions about their websites.Compani

15、es built their business websites to advertisetheir products. In this continuing trend of Web 1.0, the contents of the web pages are static and the meanings of the web pages are deciphered by the people who read them. Web contents are developed by HTML and user input is captured in web forms in the c

16、lient machine and send to remote server via a common gateway interface (CGI) for further processing. Different web technologies such as custom style sheets (CSS) for improving usability and cross-browser viewing of the web pages and scripting languages such as Java Script, Visual Basic Script at the

17、 client side and Active Server Pages (ASP), Java Server Pages (JSP) at the server side have been developed over the years to make the static web pages dynamic and interactive.User input data from a form on the web page can be send to the remote server for further processing. External applications ca

18、n also be linked to the web page through common gateway interfaces (CGIs), using many different languages such as C/C+, Perl, Visual Basic etc. But as the web browser is allowing external server side applications to run on a client computer the security of the client computer can be compromised easily. To solve this problem, Netscape developed a protocol named Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), for transmitting private documents via the internet safely. With the available two way communications over the web