外文翻译----基于Win CE的ADSL线路参数的研究

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1、 （外文翻译原文） ADSL line parameters research based on WIN CE Author:Kubilay Atasu Lu Breveglieri Windows CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded CE since version 6.023, and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsofts Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded sys

2、tems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is not to be confused with Windows XP Embedded which is NT-based. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors. 1.Features： Windows CE is optimized f

3、or devices that have minimal storagea Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a closed system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM). Windows CE conforms to the

4、definition of a real-time operating system, with a deterministic interrupt latency. It supports 256 priority levels and uses priority inheritance for dealing with priority inversion. The fundamental unit of execution is the thread. This helps to simplify the interface and improve execution time. Mic

5、rosoft has stated that the CE is not an intentional initialism, but many people believe CE stands for Consumer Electronics or Compact Edition； users often disparagingly called it Wince. Microsoft says it implies a number of Windows CE design precepts, including Compact, Connectable, Compatible, Comp

6、anion, and Efficient.The first version, known during development under the codename Pegasus, featured a Windows-like GUI and a number of Microsofts popular applications, all trimmed down for smaller storage, memory, and speed of the palmtops of the day. Since then, Windows CE has evolved into a comp

7、onent-based, embedded, real-time operating system. It is no longer targeted solely at hand-held computers. Many platforms have been based on the core Windows CE operating system, including Microsofts AutoPC, Pocket PC 2000, Pocket PC 2002, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003 SE, Windows Mobile

8、5.0, Windows Mobile 6, Smartphone 2002, Smartphone 2003 and many industrial devices and embedded systems. Windows CE even powered select games for the Sega Dreamcast, was the operating system of the controversial Gizmondo handheld, and can partially run on modified Microsoft Xbox game consoles. A di

9、stinctive feature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Wi

10、ndows CE OS image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware environments (other than the CPU family) are sti

11、ll distributed in binary form only. 2.Development tools： Visual Studio,Late versions of Microsoft Visual Studio support projects for Windows CE / Windows Mobile, producing executable programs and platform images either as an emulator or attached by cable to an actual mobile device. A mobile device i

12、s not necessary to develop a CE program. The .NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the .NET Framework with projects in C# and VB.NET, but not Managed C+. Platform Builder,This programming tool is used for building the platform (BSP + Kernel), device drivers (shared source or custom made) and a

13、lso the application. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (standard development kit) for the target microprocessor (SuperH, x86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used with another associated tool set named below. Embedded Visual C+

14、(eVC) ,The Embedded Visual C+ tool is for development of embedded application for Windows CE based devices. This tool can be used standalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder using the Platform Manager connectivity setup. 3.Relationship to Windows Mobile, Poc

15、ket PC, and SmartPhone： Often Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Pocket PC are used interchangeably. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other

16、 components features (e.g. varying levels of windowing support； DCOM vs COM), others which are mutually exclusive (Bitmap or TrueType font support), and others which add additional features to another component. One can buy a kit (the Platform Builder) which contains all these components and the too

17、ls with which to develop a custom platform. Applications such as Excel Mobile/Pocket Excel are not part of this kit. The older Handheld PC version of Pocket Word and several other older applications are included as samples, however. Windows Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on

18、a Windows CE underpinning. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), SmartPhone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform utilizes different components of Windows C

19、E, as well as supplemental features and applications suited for their respective devices. Pocket PC and Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general PDA use, and consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardw

20、are that is supported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter than those for producing a custom Windows CE-based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the digitizer as the primary Human Interface Device and its extremely portable size. The SmartPhone platfo

21、rm is a feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. SmartPhone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers. The SmartPhone interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and PhonePad input. Devices running SmartPhone

22、 do not include a touchscreen interface. SmartPhone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, whereas most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a larger display. Competitors to consumer CE based PDA platforms like Pocket PC the main application of Windows CE are Jav

23、a, Symbian OS, Palm OS, iPhone OS and Linux based packages like Qtopia Embedded Linux environment from Trolltech, Convergent Linux Platform from a La Mobile, and Access Linux Platform from Orange and Access. The secondary usage of CE is in devices in need of graphical user interfaces, (point of sale

24、 terminals, media centers, web tablets, thin clients) as the main selling point CE is the look and feel being similar to desktop Windows. The competition is Windows XP, Linux and graphical packages for simpler embedded operating systems. Being an RTOS, Windows CE is also theoretically a competitor t

25、o any realtime operating system in the embedded space, like VxWorks, ITRON or eCos. The dominating method, however, of mixing Windows look and feel with realtime on the same hardware, is to run double operating systems using some virtualization technology, like TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors or Intime from TenAsys in the case of Windows, and OS Ware from