土木工程外文翻译---地震带民用建筑由砖混向框架发展的必要趋势

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1、Seismic zone to the framework of the civil from the brick necessary for the development trend 【 Abstract】 Earthquakes are inevitable natural disasters,but the choice of building structures which can effectively reduce the losses caused by the current seismic zone in construction, particularly in eco

2、nomically underdeveloped areas of the building.Mostly brick building structure, but its poor ability to contribute to the seismic earthquakes power and prestige, while the frame structure in the earthquakes strength is especially evident, although the price higher, but with the masonry structure.Com

3、pared to more cost effective. As more seismic capacity frame - shear wall structure, its high price and low popularity is difficult to build large-scale. 【 Key words】 masonry； framework； choice； cost China is located in the worlds two most active seismic zones in the middle on the east Pacific seism

4、ic belt, west and southwest is the Eurasian seismic zone after areas, is one of many earthquakes in the world, for we must strengthen the Earthquake Research and prevention. Damage caused by the earthquake in theory, three main factors: the level of the ground motion acceleration, resonance, and ene

5、rgy of inclusiveness. In fact, the earthquake itself is difficult to pose a threat to the safety of human life, most casualties are affected by the earthquake which caused the collapse or destruction of buildings, usually accounting for 95% casualties in the earthquake. Only less than 5% of casualti

6、es directly caused by the earthquake and the earthquake floods, landslides cause secondary disasters such as, but not seismic retrofit measures for concrete structure (walls plus not Rachels precast concrete floor) caused disaster is particularly tragic. 1. Housing a number of reasons for the collap

7、se Houses collapsed in the earthquake, so many casualties so heavy, what the problem is where? One view is that: Since the earthquake strength, housing guard, the design did not strictly enforce the standards, plus there are some jerry-building phenomenon. For this reason man is undeniable, it is th

8、e administrative mechanism and the building construction behavior of the loophole is people own issues. Another view, less developed Wenchuan area, building houses and more traditional brick-based, and fell into disrepair, has been unable to cope with more than magnitude 7 earthquake, in fact, a lar

9、ge number of brick and concrete structure building collapsed, causing heavy casualties phenomenon, already on the 1976 Tangshan earthquake occurred. This view from the building itself be analyzed structure, we need to deal with earthquake science, the structural seismic performance seriously strengt

10、hen and maintain the building is not down, come to minimize casualties, at least not as it is now present in people before such terror. Overseas Chinese Affairs department in Sichuan Province is located in the hardest hit of 69 overseas Heart School, the survey found. 41 damaged schools, including s

11、everely damaged 18 of 23 slightly damaged, none of the overseas Chinese schools collapsed heart. According to experts in emergency assessment of back stress, all brick structure for the casting slab and add columns and by formal design and the quality of the good did not collapse, much less steel fr

12、ame structure and a. Seismic structure is the last line of defense, this view of the structure of choice for building seismic performance of unusual. 2. Earthquake with the choice of structure Earthquake collapsed houses, brick and concrete structure accounts for most of the first analysis of the ma

13、sonry structure. Brick-concrete structure is a hybrid structure, with brick walls to load, due to the construction, low construction costs because, for decades has been the traditional form of Chinese civil, more suitable for deep bay into a small housing area is small, multi- or low-rise buildings.

14、 Good compression performance is one big advantage, but also highlight its shortcomings: Since the major, low intensity, so that masonry structures subject to earthquake forces is relatively increased； stoves, heavy, and basic use of artificial masonry, large amount of labor, inefficiency； clay amou

15、nt of large, often occupying farmland, affecting agricultural production； as mortar and brick, block the cohesive force between the poor unreinforced tensile, bending and shear strength is low, seismic and crack resistance of poor construction quality and difficult to control, it is easy to structur

16、al damage, a rigid structure, this earthquake-prone areas should be used with caution such structures. The brick structure has the following damage of housing characteristics: (1) wall damage, the level of earthquake to masonry shear walls in bending. When the direction and level of seismic cross-se

17、ction parallel to the wall for high aspect ratio close to 1, wall to shear deformation of the main； and vertical shear stress in the joint action, the principal tensile stress beyond the masonry wall strength, wall inclined cracks appeared； repeated the role of the earthquake, the two cross into dir

18、ection of X-shaped diagonal crack； comparison of height to width when the wall for hours, then in the middle of a horizontal wall cracks. (2) vertical and horizontal wall joints damaged. Vertical and horizontal wall joints are a weak link in masonry, earthquake interaction between vertical and horiz

19、ontal walls, cracks in the transition out of, resulting in vertical wall outward tilt or collapse. (3) to highlight a subsidiary of the roof structural damage. Prominent roof between the roof, parapets and other ancillary structures, due to earthquakes, whip-side effect effect, the horizontal displa

20、cement is large, and the structure of the lack of a reliable connection, often collapsed damage. Damage statistics show that in the strong earthquake, the multi-storey masonry wall is mainly connected with the destruction of components, and housing-storey big, thick layers, a relatively more serious

21、 damage. The structure of housing limited to masonry materials due to their characteristics (poor ductility), coupled with structural integrity is relatively poor, under the earthquake prone to cracking, damage or even collapse phenomenon. Previous earthquakes has proven this earthquake is a costly show! The frame structure, it is by the beams and columns, of three components based on the common load-bearing, frame by the beam and