计算机专业毕业论文外文翻译--如何解决 SQL Server 2000 中的连接问题

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1、 1 附录 B 外文资料与中文译文 B1 外文资料 How to troubleshoot connectivity issues in SQL Server 2000 Chris Tull, Microsoft Help and Support This article can help you to resolve connectivity problems with Microsoft SQL Server 2000. This article contains descriptions of common connectivity problems and the steps that

2、 you can take to help resolve your connectivity problems. SQL Server 2000 supports several methods of communication between the instance of SQL Server and the client applications. If your client application and the instance of SQL Server reside on the same computer, Microsoft Windows interprocess co

3、mmunication (IPC) components, such as local named pipes or the Shared Memory protocol, are used to communicate. However, when the client application and the instance of SQL Server reside on different computers, a network IPC, such as TCP/IP or named pipes, is used to communicate. SQL Server 2000 use

4、s Net-Library, a DLL, to communicate with a particular network protocol. A matching pair of Net-Libraries must be active on the client computer and the server computer to support the network protocol that you want to use. For example, if you want to enable a client application to communicate with a

5、specific instance of SQL Server across TCP/IP, the client TCP/IP Sockets Net-Library (Dbnetlib.dll) must be configured to connect to the server on the client computer. Likewise, the server TCP/IP Sockets Net-Library (Ssnetlib.dll) must listen on the server computer. In this scenario, the TCP/IP prot

6、ocol stack must be installed on both the client computer and the server computer. After you install SQL Server 2000, you can configure the properties of the client Net-Libraries by using Client Network Utility. You can configure the properties of the server Net-Libraries by using Server Network Util

7、ity (Svrnetcn.exe). The server Net-Libraries are installed during the installation of the server tools in SQL Server Setup. However, some of the server Net-Libraries may not be active. By default, SQL Server 2000 enables and listens on TCP/IP, named pipes, and Shared Memory. Therefore, for a client

8、to connect to a server computer, the client must connect by using a client Net-Library that matches one of the server Net-Libraries that is currently being used by the instance of SQL Server. For additional information about SQL Server communication components and Net-Libraries, see the following to

9、pics in SQL Server Books Online: Communication Components Client and Server Net-Libraries Managing Clients Troubleshoot connectivity issues 2 Most of the connectivity issues that you may notice in SQL Server 2000 occur because of problems with TCP/IP, Windows authentication, or a combination of TCP/

10、IP and Windows authentication. Important Before you start to troubleshoot connectivity issues in SQL Server 2000, make sure that the MSSQLServer service is started on the computer that is running SQL Server. Verify your DNS settings The name resolution process in Domain Name System (DNS) is used to

11、resolve the IP address to the name of the instance of SQL Server. If the name resolution process does not work correctly, the instance of SQL Server is not reachable, and you may receive one or more of the following error messages: SQL Server does not exist or access denied General Network Error Can

12、not Generate SSPI Context To verify that the name resolution process is resolving the correct server, you can ping the server by using the server name and the IP address of the server. To do so, follow these steps: 1. Click Start, and then click Run. 2. In the Run dialog box, type cmd in the Open bo

13、x, and then click OK. 3. At the command prompt, run the following command: ping Note the IP address that is returned. 4. At the command prompt, run the following command (where IP address is the IP address that you noted in step 3): ping a Verify that the command resolves to the correct server name.

14、 If either of the specified commands are not successful, time out, or do not return the correct values, the DNS lookup is not working correctly or the problem occurs because of other networking or routing issues. To see your current DNS settings, run the following command at a command prompt: ipconf

15、ig /all To work around this problem, add an entry for the server to the %systemroot%system32driversetchosts file on the client computer. You can also work around the problem by connecting to the server by using the Named Pipes Net-library. Verify the enabled protocols and aliases Connectivity proble

16、ms may occur if the alias on the client computer is set incorrectly. You can view the aliases by using Client Network Utility. To do so, follow these steps: 1. Start Client Network Utility. If the SQL Server client tools are installed on the computer that is running the client application, follow th

17、ese steps to start Client Network Utility: a. Click Start, and then point to Programs. b. Point to Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Client Network Utility. If the SQL Server client tools are not installed on the client computer, follow these steps to start Client Network Utility: a. Click Start,

18、 and then click Run. b. In the Run dialog box, type cliconfg in the Open box, and then click OK. 3 2. In the SQL Server Client Network Utility window, click the General tab, and then enable all the protocols that you want to use. Note You must at least enable the TCP/IP protocol and the named pipes

19、protocol. 3. Click the Alias tab, and then verify the aliases that are configured for the instance of SQL Server. 4. Verify the properties of the aliases to make sure that the server name or IP address and the protocol are configured correctly. You can create a new alias to test the connectivity by

20、using the server name, the IP address, or even by using a different protocol. Note Earlier versions of Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) have a different user interface for Client Network Utility. Therefore, if you do not see the options that are listed in this article, install a later version

21、 of MDAC on the computer that is running the client application. Verify that the instance of SQL Server is listening correctly To verify that the instance of SQL Server is listening on named pipes, TCP/IP, or another protocol that you are using at the client application, open the current SQL Server

22、error log file. The SQL Server error log file may contain entries that are similar to the following: 2003-11-06 09:49:36.17 server SQL server listening on TCP, Shared Memory, Named Pipes. 2003-11-06 09:49:36.17 server SQL server listening on 192.168.1.5:1433, 127.0.0.1:1433. If you analyze the entri

23、es in the SQL Server error log file, you can verify that the instance of SQL Server is listening on the correct IP address and on the correct port. By default, a default instance of SQL Server listens on the port 1433. You can also use Server Network Utility to verify the protocol settings for SQL S

24、erver and to change the properties in SQL Server, including the protocols that can connect to SQL Server and the ports that can be used. For more information about using Server Network Utility, see the SQL Server Network Utility topic in SQL Server Books Online. Sometimes, SQL Server 2000 may not bi

25、nd to port 1433 or any other specified port. This problem may occur if the port is being used by another application or if you are trying to connect by using an IP address that is not correct. Therefore, the TCP/IP connections to SQL Server may not be successful and you may receive the following err

26、or message in the SQL Server error log file: 2001-11-14 15:49:14.12 server SuperSocket Info: Bind failed on TCP port 1433. If you cannot connect to the instance of SQL Server by using a TCP/IP connection, try to use the named pipes protocol or the Shared Memory protocol. Run the following command at

27、 a command prompt to obtain information about the ports that are in use: NETSTAT an You can also use the Portqry command-line utility to obtain more information about the ports that are in use. Note For named instances of SQL Server, SQL Server dynamically determines the port and listens on the dete

28、rmined port. Therefore, when you start the named instance of SQL Server, SQL Server tries to listen on the port that was previously being used. If SQL Server cannot bind to that port, the named instance may dynamically bind to a different port. In that situation, make sure that the client application is also set to determine the port dynamically. Alternatively, you can also specify a static port for the named instance to bind to and to listen on by using Client Network Utility. Troubleshoot MDAC Issues