测绘专业外文翻译---现有测绘成果转换到中国2000大地坐标系

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1、附录 1 英文原文 Conversion of existing mapping results to the China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 China is a vast area of the country, due to historical reasons, Chinas adoption of the Beijing 54 coordinate system, such as Xian 80 coordinate system coordinates. With the mapping technology known as 2000,

2、 China established a national geodetic coordinate system of the earth coordinate system. This will be the extent possible, on Chinas achievements have been converted to the new mapping coordinates a variety of theoretical methods to be learning from industry peers. 1.Definition of the China Geodetic

3、 Coordinate System 2000 1. National Geodetic coordinate system is defined to include the origin of coordinates, three axes of direction, scale, and the earth ellipsoid four basic parameters of the definition. China Geodetic Coordinate System origin to include the oceans and atmosphere whole Earths c

4、enter of mass； China Geodetic Coordinate System Z axis pointing to the original Epoch 2000.0 of the Earths direction, the epoch of the point by the International Bureau of time epoch 1984.0 set the initial point for the projections, the time evolution of orientation relative to the crust does not gu

5、arantee the global residual rotation, X-axis pointing to the original point of reference Greenwich meridian and the Earth equatorial plane (epoch 2000.0) of the intersection, Y-axis and Z axis, X axis to the right hand orthogonal coordinate system. With general relativity in the sense of scale. Chin

6、a Geodetic Coordinate System used in the earth ellipsoid parameters values are: Long axle a 6378137m Flat rate f=1/298.257222101 Gravitational constant GM 3.9860044181014m3s-2 Angular velocity 7.292l1510-5rad s-1 Other parameters as follows: Short radiusb(m) 6356752.31414 Polar radius of curvaturec

7、(m) 6399593.62586 The first eccentricity e 0.0818191910428 Squared of first eccentricity e2 0.00669438002290 Second Eccentricity e 0.0820944381519 Squared of Second Eccentricity e 2 0.00673949677548 1/4The length of the meridian circle Q(m) 10001965.7293 The average radius of ellipsoid R1(m) 6371008

8、.77138 The same surface area of the sphere radius R2(m) 6371007.18092 The same volume of radiusR3(m) 6371000.78997 Ellipsoid in the proper position U0(m2s-2) 62636851.7149 Dynamic shape factor J2 0.001082629832258 Spherical harmonic coefficients J4 -0.00000237091126 Spherical harmonic coefficients J

9、6 0.00000000608347 Spherical harmonic coefficients J8 -0.00000000001427 22 /m a b GM 0.00344978650678 The Equators value of normal gravity e 9.7803253361 Polarized normal gravity valuep 9.8321849379 Mean normal gravity 9.7976432224 Latitude45 degrees of the normal gravity value45 9.8061977695 2. The

10、 method of Point and coordinates transformation (1) Model selection The scope of national and provincial choose two-dimensional coordinate conversion seven parameter transformation model； provincial level below the three-dimensional coordinate conversion option or four-parameter model for planar fou

11、r-parameter model. For the relatively independent plane coordinate system and the China Geodetic Coordinate System links four parameters model can be used flat or polynomial regression model. Coordinate transformation model detailed in Part VI of this guide. (2) Coincidence point selection Coinciden

12、ce coordinates can be used in the two coordinates are the results of the point coordinates. But in the end overlap point needed to determine the conversion parameters according to the calculated coincidence coordinate residuals, according to the size of the residuals to determine if the residual err

13、or is greater than 3 times removed in recalculate the coordinate conversion parameters until satisfied precision so far； used to calculate the number of transformation parameters and conversion Coincidence size of the region, but not less than five. (3) Calculation of model parameters Coincidence identified with the coordinates of the coordinate conversion model model parameters using least squares method.