施工组织设计外文翻译

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1、 本科毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 题 目： 君山二期工程施工组织设计 学 院： 建筑工程学院 专 业： 工程管理 班 级： 工管 081 学 号： 200851585141 学生姓名： 指导教师： 导师学科： 工程管理 导师职称： 副 教 授 完成 日期： 2011-11-30 外文文献翻译译文 题 目： 君山二期工程施工组织设计 学院名 称： 建筑工程学院 专业班级： 工程管理 学生姓名： 学号 ： 200851585141 一、外文原文： 1. Design project management 1.1 Choosing the planning practice Choosing a s

2、uitable planning practice is extremely important. Introducing a pre-qualification process provides essential insights about efficiency, specialist knowledge and quality: three to five applicants receive preliminary design documents and the building programme. Then interviews are held, reference evid

3、ence examined and the practices visited on the spot. But the key features are planning quality, knowledge of materials, degree of detail, and CAD and office equipment. The ability to coordinate building and technical planning is particularly relevant. 1.2 Design and authorization planning Coordinati

4、on and control of the planning process and content are particularly important in this planning phase. In no circumstances should planning in China be left to the design institute alone. Regular planning and coordination meetings examine the planning process in its entirety to ensure that guidelines

5、and standards are being met. It is important to coordinate routing and to check for collision points. 1.3 Working plans Regular coordination, control and support are also required at the final planning stage. Coordinating building and technical workers within the planning team is often a weak point

6、as well. Important details and technical specifications have to be demanded. It is not usual in China to present details on a scale of 1:20 to 1:5, and these planning features have to be insisted on； a great deal of convincing argument will be needed. 1.4 Invitation to tender and tender awards Tende

7、r documents drawn up to Chinese standards are less detailed than comparable Western tender documents. Considerable importance should be attached to detailed working drawings. Drawings should be ranked before tender documents. It is not permissible to insist on specific product makes. Materials must

8、be described neutrally in terms of product. This means that the building firm is able to use inferior materials without the clients agreement. This often results in buildings with serious deficiencies in quality and execution. To avoid these negative consequences, architects try to go beyond the sta

9、ndard guidelines to prevent the use of inferior quality materials. Also, Chinese planning and industrial standards are antiquated and do not yet meet national or international standards. As a rule, five to ten firms (general contractors or firms offering individual services) are invited to tender. Often foreign firms with branches in China are invited as well. Bids from such firms come out well above those of their Chinese competitors.