外文翻译--中小企业,技术与全球化

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1、 外文文献翻译 （ 2013 届） 译文一： 中小企业 ,技术与全球化 1 译文二： 中小企业 ,技术与全球化 2 学生姓名 学 号 院 系 1 Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Technology, and Globalization:Introduction to a Special Issueon Small and Medium-Sized Zoltan J. Acs Enterprises in the Global Economy Lee Preston Abstract. This paper is an introduction to t

2、he special issue on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Global Economy. The paper gives a broad outline of globalization, the role of technology, and examines the role that small and medium-sized enterprises play in the global economy. We focus on foreign direct investment of small technology

3、based firms and how their innovations diffuse into the global economy There is little question that economic activity of all types is moving in the direction of globalization. As we approach the 21st century, a worldwide system of production and distribution is evolving, in much the same way as nati

4、onal markets evolved from local and regional networks during the 19th century (Chandler, 1990). In nearly every economically active country of the world, the importance of international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) have risen significantly over the last decade. The growth of FDI has bee

5、n particularly dramatic, increasing more rapidly than either world production or world trade. As a result, both inbound and outbound FDI stocks have increased relative to total investment and gross domestic product in nearly every country (Dunning, 1995). Globalization refers to the web of linkages

6、and interconnections between states, societies, and organizations that make up the present world economic system. Globalization creates new structures and new relationships, with the result that business decisions and actions in one part of the world have significant consequences in other places. Un

7、derlying and reinforcing these globalization trends is the rapidly changing technological environment, particularly in biotechnology, information processing, and telecommunications. Changes in telecommunications and data processing capabilities make it possible to coordinate research, marketing and

8、production operation around the world. Almost instantaneous communications makes it possible to trade financial instruments twenty-four hours a day: and thus more return-sensitive are location of resources within firms, industries and countries. The growth of global markets stimulates competition an

9、d forces governments to adopt market-oriented policies, both domestically and internationally. Modern technologies have greatly reduced the cost of information and the capabilities to participate in the global economy (Dunning, 1993). Countries must join the club. Policies that aim to exclude global

10、 participation via trade and investment barriers can be easily circumvented, and they keep no hostages but deprive the countries of global prosperity. Along with the globalization trend, contemporary technical advances are demanding a much closer synthesis and more integrative learning between innovative and production activities.