经济周期、博弈论、外文文献及翻译

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1、 西安建筑科技大学 毕业设计 (论文 )外文资料翻译 院（系） ： 管理学院 专 业： 公共事业管理 姓 名： 郑 凯 学 号： 091130126 外文出处： Journal of Evolutionary Econom- -ics,2004,Vol.14(2) Book review: Game theory and interdependence. Game Theory and its Applications in the Social and Biological Sciences, Andrew M. Colman, Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann,

2、1995. 375 pp, ISBN 0 7506 2369 1. 附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文； 2.外文原文 完成日期： 2013 年 4 月 10 日 (用外文写 ) 西安建筑科技大学毕业论文外文翻译资料 1.Business cycle the definition of the economic cycle, economic cycle: also called the business cycle, business cycles, economic cycle, it is to point to in the operation of the economic cyclic

3、al economic expansion and contraction of alternate cycles of a phenomenon. Is the national total output, total revenue and total employment fluctuations. Under the condition of market economy, entrepreneurs are increasingly concerned about the economy, namely economic climate change. The stand or fa

4、ll of an enterprise production and business operation conditions, is influenced by its internal conditions, and by the external macroeconomic environment and market environment. , an enterprise is unable to determine its external environment, but can through the internal conditions to improve, to ac

5、tively adapt to the change of the external environment, make full use of external environment, and within a certain range, change their own environment, in order to enhance their vitality, expand market share. As entrepreneurs, therefore, the economic cycle fluctuations must understand and grasp, an

6、d to formulate the corresponding countermeasure to adapt to the cycle fluctuations, or loss of life in waves. schumpeter and based on innovation theory, in the economic cycle and relevant books and periodicals, presented his theory of economic cycle. By diffusion, a kind of innovation, he argues, to

7、 stimulate large-scale investment, caused the upsurge, once investment opportunities disappear, then into a recession. Because the introduction of innovation is not continuous steady, but the high low, thus produce the economic cycle. Innovation in the history of the differ in thousands ways, its in

8、fluence on the development of the economy are different sizes, so cycle has long have short. His combination of the previous argument, put forward in the process of historical development of capitalism at the same time there are three cycles of claims: (1) 50 60 years long cycle or long wave of econ

9、omy, also known as the Conrad JiYe cycle； (2) as an average of 9 10 years of capitalist economic cycle, also known as the jug pull cycle； (3) an average of 40 months of so-called short cycle or short wave, also known as qin period. He declared that the several cycles to coexist and intertwined with

10、each other further proves the correctness of his innovation theory. Schumpeter also in capitalism, socialism and democracy, a book attacked, labor value theory of Marxs historical materialism and surplus value theory. He put forward a capitalism will automatic transition to the socialist argument. H

11、e asserted: once the economy progress makes all of non-life and automated, without human action, innovation itself down to a routine things, weak function, then entrepreneurs for innovation, investment opportunities are disappearing and become useless, capitalism will not survive, and will automatic

12、ally enter the socialism. Schumpeter called socialism, however, and as a symbol of socialist public and public, in fact is still the nationalization of the bourgeoisie and state that no change or touches the capitalist ownership. Current have been harsher about schumpeters theory of the influence of the western academia have greater extension, especially due to the progress of science and technology, schumpeters innovation theory by western scholars more attention.