基于PLC和变频器的电梯控制系统的设计毕业设计

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1、1 摘 要 随着现代社会和城市生活发展，计算机技术、自动控制技术和电力电子技术得到 了迅速的发展，电梯已经成为城市物质文明的一种标志。特别是在高层建筑中，电梯 是不可或缺的垂直运输设备。传统继电器电梯控制系统，由于继电器本身的机械和电 磁惯性大，大大降低了电梯系统的可靠性和安全性。为了保证电梯运行，既高效节能 又安全可靠，必须改进电梯控制方式。根据顺序逻辑控制的需要发展起来的可编程控 制器（PLC） ，它是专门为工业环境应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。PLC 处理 速度快，可靠性高，能够保证电梯正常、安全、可靠地运行。同时，由于电机交流变 频调速技术的发展，电梯的拖动方式己由原来直流调速逐

2、渐过渡到了变频调速，这不 仅能满足乘客的舒适感和保证平稳的精度，还可以降低能耗，节约能源，减小运行费 用。本文将基于 PLC 的变频调速方法应用到电梯系统中，并对此方法进行研究。 关键词：电梯； 可编程控制器； 变频器 2 Abstract Along with the development of modern economy and city life, computer technology, automatic control technology and power electronic technology rapid development, the elevator has b

3、ecome a symbol of urban material civilization. Especially in high-rise buildings, the elevator is an indispensable vertical transportation equipment. Traditional relay elevator control system, due to the mechanical and electromagnetic relay inertia big, greatly reduces the reliability and security o

4、f the elevator system. In order to ensure the efficiency and reliable securities, the control method of elevator must be changed. The programmable logic controller (PLC), which develops based on sequence logical control, is digital operation electronic device specialized in the industrial applicatio

5、n environment. PLC possesses fast process speed and high reliability. Therefore, PLC can be able to ensure the elevator run normally, securely and reliably. In addition, the drive method of elevators has replaced the DC velocity modulation with frequency control due to the development of AC frequenc

6、y control of motors. The frequency control not only satisfies the comfort sense of passengers and ensures the stable precision, but also decreases the loss of power, saves resources and reduces expenses. The frequency control method based on PLC is applied to the elevator system and further researched. Key Word：The elevator; PLC; VFD 3 目录 1 绪论 .5 1.1 课题的研究背景 .5 1.2 交流曳引电梯调速方式的发展 7 1.3 电梯发展展望 7 1.4 变频器的特点和其在电梯中应用 8 1.4.1 变频器的工作原理 .8 1.4.2 变频器系统构成 9 1.4.3 变频器的分类、规格以及满足条件 9 1.4.4 电梯变频调速控制的特点 10 1.5