1、 3600 英文单词，英文单词，1.9 万英文字符，中文万英文字符，中文 4400 字字 文献出处：文献出处：Bernaud D, Maghous S, de Buhan P, et al. A numerical approach for design of bolt-supported tunnels regarded as homogenized structuresJ. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2009, 24(5): 533-546. 英文原文 A numerical approach for design of bo
2、lt-supported tunnels regarded as homogenized structures Denise Bernaud a, Samir Maghous a,*, Patrick de Buhan b, Eduardo Couto a a Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 90540-041 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil b Unit de Recherche Navier, Ecole Nat
3、ionale des Ponts et Chauss es, Marne-la-Vall e, France Abstract: This paper is devoted to the theoretical modeling and numerical simulation by homogenization approach of the behaviour of a tunnel reinforced by fully grouted bolts, regarded as periodically distributed linear inclusions. Owing to the
4、fact that a direct numerical simulation would require the ground and the reinforcing bolts be separately discretized, leading thus to a highly complex and oversized problem, a homogenization procedure is developed, aimed at circumventing the difficulties connected with the implementation of a direct
5、 simulation. The situations of reinforcement by radial bolts and horizontal anchors installed ahead the excavation face are both investigated. Considering a DruckerPrager rock material, elastoplastic constitutive equations are formulated for the bolted rock mass regarded as a homogenized anisotropic
6、 medium at the macroscopic scale. Special attention is paid to the description of the algorithm of plastic integration involved in the finite element implementation. At this respect, closed-form expressions are derived for the stress projection onto the macroscopic yield surface. The finite element procedure is thus carried out for simulating the advancement of a bolt-supported tunnel and computing the displacements of the tunnel walls and the facing as the excavation procee
