1、 - 7 - 外文翻译 第一部分： Suspension1 The automatic gearbox5 第二部分： 汽 车 悬 架 7 自动变速器 Suspension The modern of in the car has two kinds of suspension, a kind of suspension is from move , another a kind of suspension is active of . From move an a function for, is from spring coil, reducing flapping machine( red
2、uce to the flap ), leading to organization etc. constituting, it is vibration that impact to dies down roadecause this kind of can produce the function dint by oneself, therefore call active of . The active of is more than ten years to develop of, from a kind of new of that computer control, have th
3、ree terms: (1) have to can produce the motive source of the function dint； (2) carry out a piece can deliver this kind of function dint combines it can continue the work； (3) have the variety spreads to feel the machine combines to concentrates the relevant data to micro-computer to proceed to carry
4、 to calculate to combine the decision controls the way.Therefore, active a technique for gathering together mechanics with electronics knowledge, is a kind of high technique that compare t pass the carriage dint, the reduces from the impact dint but causable loading system.Among them the spring coil
5、 rises primarily the function that deceleration pound at dint, reduce the main function that flap the machine is a to reduce the vibration.Because this kind of be driven by outside dint but rise function of, so call from move . But active a device for of in the control link installing can producing
6、take out moving, adopt a kind of repress in suppressing the dint by dint the road face the impact dint of the carriage and the inclination dint of the carriage.B o sophisticate to equip. For example equip active an axis for of France snow iron dragon mulberry , the cars a system is speed, carriage t
7、hat a micro-computer, have on the of the 5 kinds of spreading feels machine, distinguish to deliver to micro-computer the car soon, the ex- round system moves the pressure and step to move the accelerator pedal perpendicular flap and frequencies, change direction the dish angle and change direction
8、flat-out etc. data directionally.The computer receives these datases continuously and with in advance the critical value that set up proceeds the comparison, choosing the homologous an appearance.At the same time, on micro-computer independence control each a car wheel of carry out a dollar a for, p
9、assing the control reduce to flap the machine inside hydraulic-pneumatic variety creation take out moving, from but can on any time, any car wheel creation meeting request a sport.Therefore, the mulberry bridge car has various drivers modes chooses, driving as long as pull to move to locate the vice
10、- the normal on the instrument panel or sport button, car will establishes automatically in the best an appearance, in order to best and comfortable function. Moreover, active a function for having carriage sport of control.When the car system moves or turns a corner of inertial cause When the sprin
11、g coil transform, active a dint for would producing first and opposite anti- in the dint of , reduce the variety of the carriage position.For example Germany speeds 2000 CLs type sport car, be, the vehicle turns a corner an inclination for spreading feeling machine would immediately examining carria
12、ge with horizontal acceleration, computer according to information that spreading and feeling machine, with in advance the critical value that set up proceeds the comparison computes, immediately certain at where full general how big of loading and adding to . The active in car a liquid presses with
13、 the air type: - 8 - From the angle demarcation of the control dint, the of can is divided into passive of , active of in half with active of . Current, the automotive a system has the spring coil with reduce to flap the machine mostly, the incapable source inside a system insupplies the device, its
14、 flexibility cant change with the exterior work with the , therefore calling that this kind of is passive of . Active an action for thering is direct dint in conduct and actions taking place machine, can according to input and output the superior feedback of proceeding control, making a the of has t
15、o reduce to shake the characteristic bestly, toing increase the automotive and going smoothly with manipulate the stability.It constitutes with a dint occurrence machine Fe from the flexibility a C. Half active a spring coil for can seeing making from variable characteristic with machine that reduci
16、ng and flapping the a system constitutes, although it cant proceed the superior control with regulate with the outsider importation, it can press saving under every kind of term of the calculator superior spring coil with reduce to flap the machine excellent to turn the parameter instruction to regu
17、late the spring coil just a the appearance of for with reducing flapping machine.It from flexibility a C with a per coefficient can the machine of regulated within the scope of big constitute. The electronics technique control car a system is main from( the car is high and change direction the Cape,
18、 acceleration, road the estimate) spread to feel the machine, electronics control ECU, of control of carry out machine etc. constitute.The control function of the system usually has below three: 1 the car is high to adjust to be the car at rise and fall When the uneven road drive, can make carriage
19、jacked up, in order to in pass；When the good road mades good time, can lower the carriage, to reduce the air help, increase to manipulate the stability. 2 dint controls is used to increase to manipulate the stability automotively, in the flashback curved, nasty accelerates to move with the urgent sy
20、stem circumstance next, can rr is to the side , horizontal put the flutter with the control of the carriage can more quick, precision, the car mades good time with the stability exaltation of the turn, carriage side reduce.The ex- in carriage is small when system move, starting with nasty accelerate
21、 can after reducing 仰 .Even in the bad road, the flutter of the carriage too less, the tire increases to the adhesive strength of the ground. One.The active type liquid presses of The active type liquid that electronics control presses a quantity for can according to of with acceleration etc., makin
22、g use of the liquid press the parts actively automotive vibration in control.The active type liquid presses a the of arrange to is sepress the variety of the carriage. 3 spring coil just a control changes spring coil just degree, make a contented sport or comfortable request. Adopt an empress, cahow
23、n as diagram on the car, having in the nearby gearing in center of gravity in car lengthways, horizontal acceleration with horizontal put the top preads to feel machine, use to collect the carriage the vibration, the car wheel jumps about, carriage high degree with tilt to one side appearance etc. s
24、ignal, these signalses is inputed control unit ECU, ECU according to input signal with in advance the procedure that set up issues to control the instruction, controling the servo electrical engineering combines to manipulate in front and back four carry out a work. Two.Active type air In electronic
25、s control of active type air a system, tiny machine according to spread to feel the machine changeses to an instruction for issuing the instruction, the of can give according to the tiny machine after delivering of the signal with the control mode that pilot give has been carries to calculate the an
26、alysis of just degree with the coefficient of , is a carriage within the scope of drives to keeps in the process good and stable function, and respond to the vibration of the carriage to control at allow of.Say generally, the control contents of the active type air includes the carriage high degree
27、and reduce to flap the machine reduces the dint, spring coil flexibility - 9 - coefficient waits three item； 1、 high control in car；Cent standard, go up with only after going up a three kinds of works appearance； 2、 reduce the that shake the machine reduce the dint control the cent low, inside, high
28、 three file； 3、 the cent of flexibility coefficient of air spring coilses are soft and hard two file. The air an electronics controls the work principle of the system；Use the air compressor formation compressed air, combine to give the compressed air to spring coil with the air room that reducing an
29、d shaking the machine inside, changes with this the high degree of the vehicle.Fore a neighborhood for with empress round establishes the car the high spreading feels machine, press car the high spreading the exportation signal that feels the machine, the tiny machine judges the vehicle the high deg
30、ree, then control compressor with line up the spirit valve, make spring coil compression or elongation, from but control vehicle high degree. Establish the electric motor in reduce shook machine, the electric motor suffers the signal control of the tiny machine.Making use of the electric motor can c
31、hange the size of the air hole . Say in a specific way, switch in last free spirit in instrument panel in car a system, make use of the switch can become 6 kinds of different works method. The automatic gearbox The automatic gearbox chooses to block the pole the equal to moving the stick shift of th
32、e gearbox, having generally below several blocks:P( parking), R( pour to block), N( get empty to block), D( go forward), S( or2, namely for 2 block soon), L.( or1, namely for 1 block soon)This several an usage for blocking a right usages coming driver the automatic gearbox is automotive of person to
33、 say particularly important, underneath let us very much familiar with once automatic gearbox eachly blockings main theme. The usage of the P ( the parking blocks) The launches the luck turns as long as choose to block the pole in driving the position, automatic gearbox car run about very easily.But
34、 park, choose to block the pole must pull into of P, from but pass the internal parking system in gearbox moves the device will output the stalk lock lives, combining to tense the hand system move, preventing the car ambulation. The usage of the The usage of the R( pour to block) R a control for is
35、pouring blocking, using inside wanting slicing recording, automatic gearbox car unlike moving gearbox car so can using half moving, so while reversing the car wanting special attention accelerating pedal. The usage of the The usage of the N( get empty to block) The N is equal to get empty to block,
36、can while starting or hour of trailer usage.At wait for the signal or block up the car will often often choose to block the pole keeps in the of D, trampling at the same time the next system move.If time is very short, do like this is an admission of, but if stop the time long time had better change
37、 into of N, combine to tense the hand system moves.Because choose to block the pole in driving the position, the automatic gearbox car has generally and all to drive the trend faintly, long hours trample the system move same as a deterrent this kind of trend, make gearbox oil gone up, the oil liquid
38、 changes in character easily.Particularly in the air condition machine work, launch the soon higher circumstance in machine bottom more disadvantageous.Some pilots for the sake of stanza oil, at made good time or go down slope will choose to block the pole pull the of N skids, this burn the bad gearbox very easily, launching the machine to revolves soon in the however because the gearbox outputs at this time the stalk turns soon very high, the oil pump provides the oil shortage, lubricating the condition worsen, burn the bad gearbox easily.
