1、外文文献原文及翻译 A web-based e-learning system for increasing study efficiency by stimulating learners motivation Abstract： Due to the opportunities provided by the Internet, more and more people are taking advantage of distance learning courses and during the last few years enormous research efforts have
2、been dedicated to the development of distance learning systems. So far, many e-learning systems are proposed and used practically. However, in these systems the e-learning completion rate is about 30%. One of the reasons is the low study desire when the learner studies the learning materials. In thi
3、s research, we propose an interactive Web-based e-learning system. The purpose of our system is to increase the e-learning completion rate by stimulating learners motivation. The proposed system has three subsystems: the learning subsystem, learner support subsystem, and teacher support subsystem. T
4、he learning subsystem improves the learners study desire. The learner support subsystem supports the learner during the study, and the teacher support subsystem supports the teacher to get the learners study state. To evaluate the proposed system, we developed several experiments and surveys. By usi
5、ng new features such as: display of learners study history, change of interface color, encourage function, ranking function, self-determination of the study materials, and grouping of learners, the proposed system can increase the learning efficiency. Keywords ： Web-based systems, E-learning, Increa
6、se of learning efficiency Stimulating learners motivation. Grouping of learners 1 Introduction Due to the opportunities provided by the Internet, more and more people are taking advantage of distance learning courses. During the last few years enormous research efforts have been dedicated to the dev
7、elopment of distance learning systems (Nakabayashi et al., 1999； Katayama & Kambayashi, 1999； Ohkawa et al., 2000； Sato et al., 1999). Consequently, many large projects such as CALAT； CALsurf； WebCAI； The University of the Air； California Virtual University； WIDE University； Ogawa et al., (1999)； an
8、d DAI-X Web College have been establised. However, in these systems the e-learning completion rate is about 30%. One of the reasons is the low study desire when the learner studies learning materials. Therefore, it is very important to stimulate learners motivation during the study. Recently, severa
9、l distance learning systems that consider the learners capability and understanding have been proposed (Matsumoto et al., 1999； Tamaki et al., 2000； Kuwabara et al., 2000). In Matsumoto et al. (1999), an evaluation system of historical data, based on learning environment and supported by educational
10、 software record is proposed. In this system, reappearance and analysis are carried out only for historical learning data and not for real education system with individual student advancement control (MESIA). The system is able to keep the teacher operating cost low and to offer fine education by th
11、e cooperation of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) and teacher. The system is able to recognize the learners who need assistance, but its main purpose is to support the teacher, not the learners. In our previousworks(Koyamaetal.,2001, 2002； Barolli & Koyama, 2004, 2005), we proposed an agent based
12、 distance learning system to deliver appropriate studying materials to learners and stimulate learners motivation by using mental action of color (Tatsuno, 1995； JCRI, 1993). In order to offer a suitable and efficient study for learners,in this work, we propose a Web-based distance learning system i
13、n order to increase learners efficiency. The proposed system has three subsystems: learning subsystem, learner supporting subsystem and teacher supporting subsystem. The purpose of our system is to increase the e-learning completion rate by stimulating learner motivation. To evaluate the proposed sy
14、stem, we developed several experiments and surveys. The evaluation shows that by using new features such as: display of learners study history, change of interface color, encourage function, ranking function, self-deter-mination of the study materials, and grouping of learners, the proposed system c
15、an increase the learning efficiency. The paper is organized as follows. The system structure is introduced in the next section. In Section 3, we present the evaluation method for the proposed system.In Section 4, we discuss the evaluation results. In Section 5, we compare the functions of the propos
16、ed system with MESIA. Finally, we give some conclusions and future work in Section 6. 2 Proposed system structure The proposed system is built on World Wide Web (WWW). In order to have a wide range of applications, we use only standard functions. Therefore, the system can be easily used without depe
17、nding on the computer environment. The proposed system interface is shown in Fig. 1 and the system structure is shown in Fig. 2. The page output is generated by using JSP. For the system logic, we use Java and Java Servlet and as relational database system is used PostgreSQL. Java Programming is use
18、d as the study material. The proposed system has three subsystems: learning subsystem, learner supporting subsystem and teacher supporting subsystem. The learning subsystem includes the studying materials, examination exercises, and some functions to stimulate learners motivation. The learner suppor
19、ting subsystem supports the learners when they have problems during the study (in this subsystem are implemented some interaction functions). The teacher supporting subsystem has some functions to get the study situation of learners and to give hints from the teacher to improve the learning efficien
20、cy. The proposed system works in the following way. At the beginning, the learner starts to study the learning materials. The teacher checks the learning situation and based on that decides how to support the learner. In the learner support subsystem is implemented the Windows Messenger (WM). Using
21、the messenger, the teacher and learner can communicate together. If the learner understands the problem he asked the teacher, he goes back to the learning subsystem and starts again learning process. 2.1 Learning subsystem The interface of e-learning system is shown in Fig. 3 and the e-learning flow
22、 is shown in Fig. 4. Atthebeginning,the learner logins to the system. Next, if the learner understands the text, he starts to do the exercises. Then, the obtained results and ranking are shown in the computer display.After that, the learner decides the next items to study. If the learner does not un
23、derstand some parts of the text, the learner moves to the learner support subsystem, when understands all the text goes back to the learning subsystem. 2.2 Teacher supporting subsystem In this subsystem, the person who is registered as teacher can enter the system by using the registered login and p
24、assword. By using this subsystem, the teacher is able to judge the learning situation of the learners. The teacher can check the following items. & The learners who are using the system. & The items which are finished. & The learner has problems during the study or not (is the learner using the lear
25、ner supporting system or not). & The FAQ of the learner support subsystem. & The Bulletin Board (BB) of the learner support subsystem. If the teacher finds that a student is using the learner support subsystem, by using e-mail, the teacher can communicate with the learner. It is also possible to com
26、municate with the learner by using WM. The main interface of the teacher supporting subsystem is shown in Fig. 5. This page is divided in two frames. The left frame shows the learners who are logged in the system. They are shown in a table form. The table shows the following information. & The learn
27、ers are on line or not. & The present study item. & The learners who are using or not the learner support subsystem. It should be noted that the table is changed in a real time if a learner enters or leaves the system. Also, when the login name of a learner inside the table is clicked, the detailed
28、information of the learner is displayed in the mainframe. This information includes: & Login name, & The learner name in Japanese (Furigana), & Learner e-mail address, & Learner present learning state, & The study history. If a learner has problems during the study, the teacher can use the e-mail an
29、d WM to communicate with the learner. By using WM, it is possible to have voice chat or video chat. Also, because the FAQ and learner support subsystem are linked in this page, they can be referred if they are needed. The BB can be used by teacher to explain the content that the learners do not understand. 2.3 Learner supporting subsystem The learner supporting subsystem is used to help the learners when they have problems during the study. This subsystem includes: & FAQ, & BB, & The list of persons who can communicate together.
