1、 The single chip computer abbreviation Microcontroller is typical of embedded Microcontroller controller (Microcontroller Unit), common English letters is the abbreviation of MCU said Microcontroller, it was first used in industrial control field. SCM by chip inside only CPU dedicated processor. The
2、 earliest design concept is through the huge amounts of peripheral and CPU integration in a chip, make the computer system smaller, more easy to integrate into the complex and to volume demanding control equipment of. Intel-based Z80 is the earliest designed according to this kind of thought the pro
3、cessor, henceforth, SCM and dedicated processor development parted. Early microcontroller is 8 bits or 4 digit. One of the most successful intel-based 8031 is simple, reliable performance, because good got a lot of praise. Then in the microcomputer 8031 developed MCS51 series microcontroller systems
4、. Based on this system of SCM system have until now in widespread use. With the improvement of industrial control area requirement, begin to emerge 16-bit single chip, but because the price is not ideal did not get very widely. After the 1990s with consumer electronic products development, microcont
5、roller technology has been a tremendous increase. As the INTEL i960 series especially later ARM series widely, 32-bit SCM rapidly replacing 16-bit single chip of high-end status, and into the mainstream market. While the traditional 8 bit micro-controller performance also obtained the rapid increase
6、, processing power than 1980s raised hundreds times. At present, high-end 32-bit SCM frequency has exceeded 300MHz, performance straight after the middle of 90s of dedicated processor, whereas normal type ex-factory price dropped to $1, the highest-profile 1 type was only ten dollars. Contemporary S
7、CM system no longer only in LuoJi environment, development and use of special embedded operating system is widely used in the whole range of single-chip microcomputer. While in as a handheld computers and mobile phones key processing of high-end microcontroller even can directly use the special Wind
8、ows and Linux operating system. Single-chip processor more than dedicated suitable for use with embedded system, so it has gained the most applications. In fact microcontroller is the world largest number of the computer. Modern human life that are used in almost every pieces of electronic and mecha
9、nical products will be integrated have microcontroller. Mobile, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, PDA and mouse and so on computer accessories are equipped with 1-2 department microcontroller. The PCS in also will affect many microcomputer in the work. Cars equipped with more
10、than 40 department general single-chip microcomputer, complex industrial control system even there may be hundreds microcomputer in working at the same time! The number of MCU is not only far more than PCS and other calculation combined, and even more than the number of human beings. SCM is also cal
11、led monolithic micro controller, it is not complete a logic function chips, but it is a computer system integration to a chip. The computer equivalent of a micro computer, and compared, microcontroller lack only the I/O devices. General speaking: a chip became a computer. Its compact size, light qua
12、lity, cheap, for learning, application and development provides the convenience. Meanwhile, learning to use a single chip computer is knowledge of computer principle and structure of the best choice. SCM internal also use and computer functions similar module, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus and h
13、ard disk storage device functions are the same, the difference is its relative performance all these parts of our home computer weak, but the price is much lower, usually less than 10 yuan can. Use it to do some control electric appliance category is not very complicated work is sufficient. We use n
14、ow roller washing machine, smoke exhaust hood, VCD and so on the home appliance inside can see the figure! . It was mainly used as a core part of the control part. It is a kind of on-line real-time control computer, on-line is site control, need is strong anti-jamming ability, low cost, this also is
15、 and off-line computer (such as household PC) the main difference. A single chip computer is by program running, and can be modified. Through the different program realization of different function, especially the unique some special function, this is another device needs to spend effort can do that
16、, while some others are great effort also hard to do. One is not very complicated function if use in the United States during the 1950s development of 74 series, or from the 1960s CD4000 series these pure hardware to fix words, circuit must be a large piece of PCB board! But if if use American 1970s
17、 success on the market series microcontroller, and the results will be difference! Just because of single chip through your programming can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability. Due to cost is sensitive microcontroller, so, at present, the dominant software or lowest assem
18、bly language, it is besides the binary machine code above the lowest language, since so low-level why use? Many senior language has reached the level of visual programming is why not? The reason is very simple, that is no home computer microcontroller as the CPU, also did not like hard disk that mas
19、s storage device. A visual small programs written in high-level languages inside has even a button, also can achieve dozens of K size! For household PC hard disk speaking nothing, but the SCM speaking is unacceptable. Microcomputer in hardware resources utilization must high to just go, so assembly
20、although original but still in use large. The same way, if the giant computer operating system and application software got home PC came running, household PC is also cannot bear. Can say, the twentieth century across the three electricity age, namely the age of electricity, electronic era and now h
21、as entered the computer era. However, this kind of computer, usually refers to the personal computer, the abbreviation PCS. It consists of host, keyboard, display etc. And those computer, most people do not so familiar with. This computer is intelligence gives all kinds of mechanical SCM (also calle
22、d micro controller). As the name suggests, the computer is minimal systems only took a piece of integrated circuits, simple operation and control can be carried out. Because of its small size, usually hidden in the accused of mechanical stomach. It in the whole device, plays the role of like the hum
23、an mind, it went wrong, the whole device broke down. Now, this SCM use field has been widely, such as intelligent instruments, real-time control, communication equipment, navigation system, household electric appliances, etc. Various products once using single-chip microcomputer, can have the effect
24、 that product upgrading, often in product specialty bariatric adjectives - intelligent, such as intelligent washing machines etc. Now some factories technicians or other leisure electronic developers out some of the products, not the circuits are too complex, is functional too simple and the easy be
25、 imitators. Investigate its reason, may be stuck in product without using SCM or other programmable logic devices. . Microcontroller history 1971 Intel company developed the worlds first four microprocessor, The Intel company hoff successfully developed the worlds first piece of four 4004 Intel micr
26、oprocessor chips, marks the first generation of microprocessor market, microprocessor and computer era begins. For invention microprocessor, hoff by the British economist magazine named the most influential since world war ii the seven scientists one. In 1971, the Intel on November launch MCS - 4 microcomputer system (including 4001 ROM chip, 4002 RAM chips, 4003 shift register chips and 4004 microprocessor) which 4004 (figure below) contains 2,300 transistor, the dimension of 3mm x 4mm, computing performance than that ENIAC, initially sells for $200.
