1、 毕业论文（设计） 译文原文 系 部： 经济管理系 专 业： 工商管理（会 计 学） 学 号： 0742821135 姓 名： 指导教师： 2011 年 04 月 20 日 INNOVATION SYSTEM-BASED INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER IN INDONESIA AND SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES Abstract This paper is described industrials development and their policies i
2、n Indonesia. Beside that, this study analyze industrial cluster development which is conducted by using innovation system approach and is made comparison it with some countries in Asia. This study shows that the industrial cluster is designed to be an agglomeration based on the network of the raw ma
3、terial for production, financing institutions, well provided human resources, and other economics infrastructure. There is lack of interaction among actors in the cluster and R&D activities to support innovation in the cluster. Comparative analysis of industrial cluster development in Japan, Taiwan,
4、 and China shows that clusters are supported by development of transaction market. It also involves innovation stimulus from the benefit obtained from the presence of the cluster which shows the concentration of large enterprise with various human resources in smaller geographic area. We suggest a r
5、ecommendation regarding to industrial cluster development to increase technological and innovation capability within cluster in order to make more competitive industrial cluster in Indonesia. Keywords: cluster-based industrial development, innovation system approach, Indonesian Industrial policy Int
6、roduction Nowadays, economic activities are moving toward knowledge-intensive business, accompanied by rapid development of technology in globalized economy era. This condition has impact on the tight competition, and rapid change in business environment. Domestic manufacturing products are directly
7、 compete with foreign products and business world must accept reality that technology advancement has become a reason on the obsolete production facilities, short product life-cycle, and lower profit margin. At the other side, globalizing economy inevitably testifies whether individual regional econ
8、omies and SMEs in them can compete and survive by showing their own competitiveness or not. Once it was widely believed that the very development of transporting and information technology and borderless economy inevitably break the barrier of distance and make regional economies or industries almos
9、t meaningless. Nevertheless, surprisingly a sort of reincarnation of regionalism started in the 1980s, and many academics and researchers then ignited debates as well as numbers of empirical research works on the importance of regional industrial agglomeration and local networking (Mitsui, 2003) For
10、 the last three decades, industrial agglomerations have played a leading role in the development of cities and regions and have formed a new industrial organizational basis for economic planning and development. The industrial clusters are determined by the trade dependency and concentration of smal
11、l enterprises at the city and township level (Isbasoiu, 2007). It is also known that Alfred Marshal (Sonobe and Otsuka, 2006) has studied three benefits of the presence of industrial cluster, as follows: 1. Information spillovers 2. Specialization and division of labor between companies 3. Developme
12、nt of skilled labor markets Considering the benefits of industrial cluster for industrial development, Indonesias government has formulated National policy of Industrial Development (KPIN) to compel new direction for future national industry development, and solve problems blocking industrial develo
13、pment at present. This policy is arranged in order to face world global economic challenge and to be able to anticipate rapid environment change. International competition becomes new perspective for all countries, so the focus of strategy of future industrial development is to build sustainable com
14、petitiveness of industrial sectors in domestic or foreign market. Industrial development policy in KPIN consists of core and operational strategy, and also main points of policy on industrial development policy, include development of 10 core industry clusters, development of supporting industries,
15、and development of vanquish industry in the future. Policy in KPIN has also considered national industry capability based on economic resources potential, industrial performance, and problems faced by national industry. Nevertheless, the strategy of industrial development in KPIN has not explicitly
16、include element of innovation system in industrial development through cluster approach. KPIN has just shown the needs of the role of R&D institution, university and government in order to support industrial cluster development. This can be seen from the relationship framework in KPIN document which
17、 include the three actors. Unclear role of R&D institution and industrial sector have result in Indonesias high import of raw or supporting material (technology), as shown in Fig. 1. Thus, the presence of innovation-based industrial cluster can reduce import of raw or supporting material. Therefore,
18、 this paper seeks to examine the development of industrial cluster in Indonesia, as mentioned in National Policy of Industrial Development (KPIN). This paper also discuss about industrial cluster development based on innovation system carried out by Japan, Taiwan, and China. The result is then compa
19、red with Indonesias industrial cluster development based on innovation system. Development of Industrial Policy in Indonesia In its development, the struggle of national industry at the end of 1960s has enthusiastic progress, either in its structure, diversification, and market orientation. The deve
20、lopment is not detached from external development influencing industrial policy implemented. Chronologically,industrial development policy describe that in rehabilitation and stabilization periods (1967-1972), and periods when oil booming happened (1973-1981), the policy implemented is by supporting the development of import-substitution industry, for example textile and garment industry, paper, cement, or food and beverage. By the increase of oil price
