1、 外 文 资 料 翻 译 系 别： 土木工程系 班 级： 07 土本（ 1）班 姓 名： xxx 指 导 教 师： xxx 2 0 1 1 年 6 月 8 日 1 DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF GROUND INVESTIGATION FOR EARTHWORKS PAUL QUIGLEY, FGS Irish Geotechnical Services Ltd ABSTRACT The design and execution of ground investigation works for earthwork projects has become increasing
2、ly important as the availability of suitable disposal areas becomes limited and costs of importing engineering fill increase. An outline of ground investigation methods which can augment traditional investigation methods particularly for glacial till / boulder clay soils is presented. The issue of g
3、eotechnical certification is raised and recommendations outlined on its merits for incorporation with ground investigations and earthworks. 1. INTRODUCTION The investigation and re-use evaluation of many Irish boulder clay soils presents difficulties for both the geotechnical engineer and the road d
4、esign engineer. These glacial till or boulder clay soils are mainly of low plasticity and have particle sizes ranging from clay to boulders. Most of our boulder clay soils contain varying proportions of sand, gravel, cobbles and boulders in a clay or silt matrix. The amount of fines governs their be
5、haviour and the silt content makes it very weather susceptible. Moisture contents can be highly variable ranging from as low as 7% for the hard grey black Dublin boulder clay up to 20-25% for Midland, South-West and North-West light grey boulder clay deposits. The ability of boulder clay soils to ta
6、ke-in free water is well established and poor planning of earthworks often amplifies this. The fine soil constituents are generally sensitive to small increases in moisture content which often lead to loss in strength and render the soils unsuitable for re-use as engineering fill. Many of our boulde
7、r clay soils (especially those with intermediate type silts and fine sand matrix) have been rejected at the selection stage, but good planning shows that they can in fact fulfil specification requirements in terms of compaction and strength. The selection process should aim to maximise the use of lo
8、cally available soils and 2 with careful evaluation it is possible to use or incorporate poor or marginal soils within fill areas and embankments. Fill material needs to be placed at a moisture content such that it is neither too wet to be stable and trafficable or too dry to be properly compacted.
9、High moisture content / low strength boulder clay soils can be suitable for use as fill in low height embankments (i.e. 2 to 2.5m) but not suitable for trafficking by earthwork plant without using a geotextile separator and granular fill capping layer. Hence, it is vital that the earthworks contract
10、or fully understands the handling properties of the soils, as for many projects this is effectively governed by the trafficability of earthmoving equipment. 2. TRADITIONAL GROUND INVESTIGATION METHODS For road projects, a principal aim of the ground investigation is to classify the suitability of th
11、e soils in accordance with Table 6.1 from Series 600 of the NRA Specification for Road Works (SRW), March 2000. The majority of current ground investigations for road works includes a combination of the following to give the required geotechnical data: Trial pits Cable percussion boreholes Dynamic p
12、robing Rotary core drilling In-situ testing (SPT, variable head permeability tests, geophysical etc.) Laboratory testing The importance of phasing the fieldwork operations cannot be overstressed, particularly when assessing soil suitability from deep cut areas. Cable percussion boreholes are normall
13、y sunk to a desired depth or refusal with disturbed and undisturbed samples recovered at 1.00m intervals or change of strata. In many instances, cable percussion boring is unable to penetrate through very stiff, hard boulder clay soils due to cobble, boulder obstructions. Sample disturbance in boreh
14、oles should be prevented and loss of fines is common, invariably this leads to inaccurate classification. Trial pits are considered more appropriate for recovering appropriate size samples and for observing the proportion of clasts to matrix and sizes of cobbles, boulders. Detailed and accurate field descriptions are therefore vital for cut areas and trial pits provide an opportunity to examine the soils on a larger scale than boreholes. Trial pits
