1、2400 单词， 13500 英文字符， 4520 汉字 出处： Basu S. A Debate of Work Protection Among Informal Wage Earning Women Workers in Bengal: The Experiences of Work Participation and Negotiation in MGNREGAJ. Sage Open, 2015, 5(3). A Debate of Work Protection Among Informal Wage Earning Women Workers in Bengal: The Exp
2、eriences of Work Participation and Negotiation in MGNREGA Sohini Basu Introduction After an overall increase of womens participation rate in workforce both in the rural and urban areas in the years from 1999-2000 to 2004-2005 as per with the available large scale National Sample Survey (NSS) data, I
3、ndia is experiencing a decline in female labor force participation rate along with its consistent economic growth. It was brought to focus in the latest Employment and Unemployment Survey, which showed that in between the period of 2004-2005 to 2009- 2010 womens labor force participation rate has de
4、clined from 33.3% to 26.5% in rural areas and from 17.8% to 14.6% in urban areas (Government of India Planning Commission, 2013). Yoshiteru Uramoto, the International Labour Organisations (ILO) Asia-Pacific regional director identified five important causes behind this declineincrease of educational
5、 enrolment, increase of household income, women withdrawing from agricultural activities, lack of job opportunity, and error in measuring womens work (Nigam, 2013). The government of India and specific state governments, despite their claim of being sensitive toward the issues of women, have achieve
6、d nominal success. West Bengal, the context of the present study, went through an era of communism when the Communist Party of India (Marxist; CPI(M) was in power for 30 years till 2011, but no sincere efforts were made in those years to address the issues of gender, caste, and informal workers. The social rights that workers enjoy are largely limited to pension, inadequate health care, and limited work security, ignoring the broader range of social policies relevant to women as gende
