1、3250 英文单词， 1.8 万英文字符 ，中文 5500 字 文献出处： Kaloustian N , Bitar H , Diab Y . Urban Heat Island and Urban Planning in BeirutJ. Procedia Engineering, 2016, 169:72-79. Urban Heat Island and Urban Planning in Beirut Noushig Kaloustian, Hassn Bitar, Youssef Diab Abstract In Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon
2、, the UHI effect was modelled using the Town Energy Balance (TEB) model. Simulated urban canyon temperatures showed 6oC difference between areas of high vegetation fractions and dense urban fabric areas for summer and 2oC for winter. Various UHI modelling scenarios showed that most appropriate mitig
3、ation measures could be achieved by increasing the albedo of rooftops as well as garden fractions. A review of current urban planning and construction codes highlighted an urgent need to reconsider current laws and practices in view of the impact of UHI on thermal comfort levels of urban dwellers. K
4、eywords: Urban Heat Island; Modelling; Town Energy Balance; Mitigation Measures; Beirut urban climate; Lebanon 1. Introduction The term urban heat island describes urbanized or built-up areas that are hotter than nearby non-urbanized areas due to the fact that urban areas typically have darker surfa
5、ces and less vegetation than semi-urban and non- urban surroundings. This difference in daily temperatures between urban and non-urban areas affects not only the microclimate but also the energy use and habitability of cities. Many factors contribute to urban and suburban heating including geomorpho
6、logical and anthropogenic parameters. Examples of the former include temperature, cloud cover and wind. The geographical location of a city also plays an important role given that its physical characteristics including topography, mountain ranges and hills, rivers and other water bodies can determine the extent to which UHI can be affected. On the other hand, examples of anthropogenic factors include city size as influenced by population density, morphology of built-up areas including lan
