1、3100 英文单词， 1.6 万英文字符 ， 中文 5000 字 文献出处： McCombie P F, Mundell C, Heath A, et al. Drystone retaining walls: Ductile engineering structures with tensile strengthJ. Engineering Structures, 2012, 45: 238-243. Drystone retaining walls: Ductile engineering structures with tensile strength Paul F. McCombie,
2、 Chris Mundell, Andrew Heath, Peter Walker Abstract Drystone retaining walls are sustainable engineering structures constructed with locally obtained natural stone. They were commonly built with very slender proles compared with modern mass-masonry structures, leading to a common belief among engine
3、ers that they have very low margins of safety. These structures remain critical to the transport infrastructure in many parts of the world, and have proven to be very durable, yet very few new drystone retaining walls are built, and walls which do fail are usually replaced with concrete construction
4、s. We show that these walls are ductile even though their components are brittle, and have tensile strength through the interlocking of their stones, even though they are assembled without any cohesive material such as mortar. These properties are critical to a proper understanding of their behaviou
5、r and durability. Full-scale testing of ve drystone retaining walls has shown that bulging, most commonly regarded as a sign of incipient failure, begins as a ductile adaptation of the geometry to the loads imposed on it. Localised bulging can be a consequence of small defects in construction or fou
6、ndation conditions, or concentrated loading, and may be sustained indenitely in a wall which is in general well-constructed. These insights into the behaviour of walls allow the design of new walls which use materials efciently, and enable existing walls to be kept in service, and may inspire new ways of achieving ductility in engineering materials. Keywords: Retaining walls ;Drystone; Ductility ;Assessment 1. Introduction Drystone walling is an ancient technique in which locally sourced
