1、5500 英文单词， 3.2 万英文字符 ， 中文 9700 字 文献出处： Skaggs S, Bridges J. Race and sex discrimination in the employment processJ. Sociology Compass, 2013, 7(5): 404-415. Race and Sex Discrimination in the Employment Process Shery Skaggs and Jennifer Bridges Abstract In this article, we outline the evidence demons
2、trating the pervasiveness of sex and race ethnic workplace discrimination, paying particular attention to the areas of hiring, compensation, and evaluations and promotions. Key sociological explanations for why and how these forms of employment discrimination occur are also examined. Although discri
3、mination is often considered as discrete acts that occur within employment arrangements, the existing research suggests the presence of an underlying set of processes and choices that accumulate over time. These processes have clear implications for how discrimination is understood and the ways in w
4、hich such events compound over career trajectories. Based on our examination of this literature, we suggest areas for improved theorizing, measurement, and analysis. Discrimination, in its various forms, continues to garner much attention in media outlets, business circles, and within the scholarly
5、community. Although employment discrimination based on sex and race is illegal, considerable evidence exist showing that employers systematically treat individuals differently based on these characteristics. Most popular conceptions of discrimination rely on a presumption of animus by employers and
6、include narratives of individual villains and victims. However, the real story of employment dis- crimination is more complicated and nuanced. It is often difficult to locate specific villains, and while individuals suffer, the harm is systematic. Discrimination occurs when one individual is treated differently than another solely on the basis of some characteristic. For the purposes of this article, we are interested in disparate treatment based on sex and race. The processes that underlie
