1、3600 英文单词， 1.9 万英文字符 ， 中文 5900 字 文献出处： Winter M G, Shearer B, Palmer D, et al. The economic impact of landslides and floods on the road networkJ. Procedia engineering, 2016, 143: 1425-1434. The Economic Impact of Landslides and Floods on the Road Network Mike G Winter, Barbara Shearer, Derek Palmer,
2、 David Peeling, Clare Harmer and Jonathan Sharpe Abstract Even in the absence of serious injuries and fatalities, landslide and flood events can have significant socio-economic impacts. These include the severance of access to and from relatively remote communities for services and markets for goods
3、; employment, health and educational opportunities; and social activities. The economic impacts can be classified as: direct economic impacts, direct consequential economic impacts, and indirect consequential economic impacts. In addition, the vulnerability shadow cast can be extensive and its geogr
4、aphical extent can be determined by the transport network rather than the relatively small footprint of the event itself. Using a number of debris flow events and a flood event in Scotland this paper places values on the economic impacts of landslides and floods. It also demonstrates the widespread
5、impact of the events by means of the vulnerability shadow that is cast. Keywords: Landslides, debris flow, roads, economics, management; mitigation 1. Introduction In Scotland in August 2004 a series of debris flows was associated with monthly average rainfall substantially in excess of the norm. Cr
6、itically, some of the resulting landslides affected important parts of the trunk (strategic) road network, linking not only cities but also smaller, remote communities. Notable events occurred at the A83 between Glen Kinglas and to the north of Cairndow (9 August), the A9 to the north of Dunkeld (11 August), and the A85 at Glen Ogle (18 August). While there were no major injuries, the most dramatic events occurred at the A85 Glen Ogle, where 57 people had to be airlifted to safety when they
