1、3200 英文单词， 17500 英文字符 ，中文 5350 字 文献出处： Rickne J . Labor market conditions and social insurance in ChinaJ. China Economic Review, 2013, 27(4):52-68. Labor market conditions and social insurance in China Johanna RICKNE This paper provides micro-level evidence on the relationship between labor market c
2、onditions and social insurance participation among Chinese industrial firms. I find that the increased scarcity of labor over this period was a quantitatively important driver of participation. Moreover, a comparison of the responses in different segments of the labor market shows that the response
3、was relatively stronger in sectors with larger shares of uninsured workers, namely in private firms, those with a larger share of low-educated workers, and those without labor unions. The results suggest that a tighter labor market in the years ahead can aid policy makers to implement social insuran
4、ce programs and combat insurance inequality. Keywords : Social insurance; Employer participation; Labor market tightness; Peoples Republic of China 1. Introduction The dramatic overhaul of Chinas social insurance system is a major component of the countrys ongoing economic transition. The endowment
5、system for workers in the state-sector has been replaced with several different social insurances. Industrial firms based in urban areas are required to make large payments to these programs. Adding up the benchmark payment rates, the overall level is among the highest in the world. It constitutes 3
6、0% of the firms payroll expenses, which can be compared to 10% of payroll in the U.S., 20% in Germany and 23% in Sweden (SSA, various country reports). High payment levels coupled with weak regulatory enforcement and a fragmented administration of the programs have combined to make evasion of payments a serious concern (Dorfman et al., 2013; Feng & He, 2012; Mao, Zhang, & Zhao, 2012). Yet, little is known about the determinants of evasion, in particular regarding the interplay between con
