1、2500 英文单词， 14500 英文字符 ， 中文 4000 字 文献出处： Gimeno C , Vila N . Competitive Group Analysis of Public Transport ServicesJ. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2007, 21(1):13-29. Competitive Group Analysis of Public Transport Services Carlos Gimeno Natalia Vila ABSTRACT The aim of the present paper was
2、 to evaluate five passenger transport service providers (EMT urban buses, METROBUS metropolitan area buses, RENFE local trains, METRO underground trains and trams, TAXI) in a tourism-receiving metropolitan statistical area of Spain. User perceptions of the public transport services were obtained and
3、 the results indicate that public transport is making great efforts to adapt to user preferences. Despite the general level of satisfaction with public transport, however, not all the brands are equally interested in differentiation. The brands with less well-defined positioning, perceived as less c
4、losely associated with the different attributes examined (EMT and METROBUS), are also those with the lowest innovation levels. KEYWORDS. Public transport services providers, multidimensional scaling, perceptions, satisfaction, innovation INTRODUCTION To be useful to citizens and solve their problems
5、, public transport must adapt to current life styles. Living conditions have changed profoundly in recent decades as a result not only of economic growth but also of new social values such as environmental awareness, increased residential dispersion, lengthy journeys to work and new urban design tre
6、nds. In this context, a three-stage process can be identified (Macario, 2001). Firstly, the congestion of urban areas causes air pollution and mobility problems and leads to a preference for public services. Secondly, this leads to greater public spending on transport. Thirdly and lastly, the transport companies accumulate heavy deficits which are justified by their performing a public service. In relation to this, the International Association of Public Transport (2006) underlines the relev
