1、2750 英文单词， 1.4 万英文字符 ，中文 4300 字 文献出处： Iwata K , Matsumoto S . Use of hybrid vehicles in Japan: An analysis of used car market dataJ. Transportation Research Part D Transport & Environment, 2016, 46:200-206. Use of hybrid vehicles in Japan: An analysis of used car market data Kazuyuki Iwata, Shigeru
2、Matsumoto Abstract Despite the rapid market penetration of hybrid vehicles (HVs), their usage and contribu- tions to environmental protection have not been examined by vehicle traveling data. In this paper, we analyzed Japans used car market data to understand how HVs are used on the street. We find
3、 GV drivers with high travel demand switched from GVs to HVs during the transition period. Despite HV owners driving much longer distances than conventional gasoline vehicle (GV) owners, they emit less carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, owing to bet- ter fuel economy. We also find that HV owners spend
4、roughly the same amount of money annually as GV owners. However, the per-kilometer travel cost of HVs is much lower than that of GVs even if the depreciation cost of the vehicle and vehicle related taxes are included in the analysis. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Hybrid vehicles, Used cars Introduction
5、Despite the rapid market penetration of hybrid vehicles (HVs), their usage and contributions to environmental protection have not been examined by vehicle traveling data.1 This paper analyzes used car market data and examines HV usage patterns in Japan. HVs have become very popular in Japan, and the
6、y are expected to become popular in other countries as well (Fuji Keizai Management Co. Ltd., 2013). Understanding their usage and environmental impact in Japan could potentially shed light on their impact in other countries. Additional driving (the rebound effect) induced by higher vehicle efficiency has been confirmed by previous studies (Greene et al., 1999; Greening et al., 2000; Goldberg, 1998; Linn, 2013; Mizobuchi, 2011; Small and Van Dender, 2007; West, 2004). According to the compre
