1、字数：英文 3172 单词， 18497 字符；中文 5758 汉字 出处： Rokven J J, Weijters G, Beerthuizen M G C J, et al. Juvenile Delinquency in the Virtual World: Similarities and Differences between Cyber-Enabled, Cyber-Dependent and Offline Delinquents in the NetherlandsJ. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 2018.12(1
2、):27-46 外文文献 Juvenile Delinquency in the Virtual World: Similarities and Differences between Cyber-Enabled, Cyber-Dependent and Offline Delinquents in the Netherlands Abstract This study examines similarities and differences between juvenile delinquents of self-reported cyber- enabled offenses, cybe
3、r-dependent offenses, and offline offenses. The study builds on past studies by examining a broad range of online and offline offenses among a national probability sample of Dutch juveniles aged 12-17 years old. Results show that juveniles who report both offline and online offenses have the most hi
4、gh-risk profile. Within the group online delinquents, juveniles who commit both cyber-dependent and cyber-enabled offenses have the highest risk profile. The results further indicate that cyber-dependent delinquents are a distinct group from online delinquents. Keywords: Online offending, cyber crim
5、e, cyber-dependent crime, cyber-enabled crime, risk and promotive factors. Introduction Since 2007 police census data have shown a sharp decline in juvenile crime in the Netherlands (Van der Laan & Goudriaan, 2016). Because of this crime drop, the urgency to deal with juvenile crime seems to have de
6、creased, and the focus has shifted to more specific forms of crime, such as high impact crimes. However, official statistics relate primarily to traditional offline offenses. One possible explanation for the observed crime drop is that juveniles have shifted from committing traditional offline offenses to online offenses (Tcherni et al., 2016). With the digitalization of society, new ways to commit traditional offline offenses have emerged, as well as opportunities to commit new types
