1、2500 英文单词， 13500 英文字符 ，中文 4100 字 文献出处： Jrgensen R F. The right to privacy under pressureJ. Nordicom review, 2016, 37: 165-170. The Right to Privacy under Pressure Rikke Frank Jrgensen Today we are facing something of a paradox with regard to our right to privacy. On the one hand, the international h
2、uman rights system has never been clearer in its message that the right to privacy applies online as well as offline. This message has been confirmed in UN resolutions, by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the European Court of Just
3、ice etc. On the other hand, however, there are very few possibilities to enforce the right to privacy on the internet. Data is collected from a large number of public and private players across national borders; there is a very limited idea of the scope and little control with regard to this data co
4、llection; users routinely give their consent to allow their data to be collected; and privacy policies are hard to access and are only read by a minority of users. The leak by Edward Snowden of documents from the US intelligence service, which started in the summer of 2013, has illustrated the amoun
5、t and scope of the personal information that can be tapped from the internet infrastructure and online services. Snowdens revelations led to the adoption of the first UN resolution on the right to privacy in the digital age (UN General Assembly Resolution No. A/RES/68/167) on 18 December 2013. The S
6、nowden case is about the access of intelligence services to personal information, but the current challenges for the right to privacy are much broader. Basically, the challenges relate to the fact that personal information is increasingly being considered as a commercial raw material, and that today there are unprecedented possibilities to harvest and exchange this raw material (Mayer-Schnberger & Cukier 2013; Lane et al. 2014; Matzner 2014). In this context there is a close link between
