1、4900 英文单词， 28500 英文字符 ，中文 9200 字 文献出处： Maneesh Agrawala, Wilmot Li, Floraine Berthouzoz. Design principles for visual communication.J. Communications of the Acm, 2011, 54(4):60-69. Design Principles for Visual Communication Maneesh Agrawala, Wilmot Li,and Floraine Berthouzoz Visual communication VIA
2、 diagrams, sketches, charts, photographs, video, and animation is fundamental to the process of exploring concepts and disseminating information. The most-effective visualizations capitalize on the human facility for processing visual information, thereby improving comprehension, memory, and inferen
3、ce. Such visualizations help analysts quickly find patterns lurking within large data sets and help audiences quickly understand complex ideas. Over the past two decades a number of books have collected examples of effective visual displays. One thing is evident from inspecting them: the best are ca
4、refully crafted by skilled human designers. Yet even with the aid of computers, hand-designing effective visualizations is time-consuming and requires considerable effort. Moreover, the rate at which people world- wide generate new data is growing exponentially year to year. Gantz et al. estimated w
5、e collectively produced 161 exabytes of new information in 2006, and the compound growth rate between 2007 and 2011 would be 60% annually. We are thus expected to produce 1,800 exabytes of information in 2011, 10 times more than the amount we produced in 2006. Yet acquiring and storing this data is,
6、 by itself, of little value. We must understand it to produce real value and use it to make decisions. The problem is that human designers lack the time to hand-design effective visualizations for this wealth of data. Too often, data is either poorly visualized or not visualized at all. Either way, the results can be catastrophic; for example, Tufte explained how Morton Thiokol engineers failed to visually communicate the risks of launching the Challenger Space Shuttle to NASA management
