1、6800 英文单词， 38500 英文字符 ，中文 2 万字 文献出处： Staggenborg S. Reproductive Rights in Affluent NationsJ. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001:13184-13188. Reproductive Rights in Affluent Nations Roxanne Mykitiuk, Robyn Lee Abstract Reproductive rights have historically focused o
2、n access to safe, legal contraception and abortion. More recently, reproductive rights have come to include preservation of reproductive health and access to assisted reproductive and genetic technologies that facilitate procreation. Recognition of additional barriers to reproductive self-determinat
3、ion experienced by members of marginalized groups has led to demands for reproductive justice that address the concerns of poor women, racialized women, women with disabilities, and LGBTQ individuals. Introduction Beginning in the nineteenth century and gaining strength in the twentieth century, the
4、 struggles for access to safe, legal contraception and abortion have been the most dominant issues in the pursuit of reproductive rights in developed nations. Recent advances in technology have meant that assisted reproduction and genetic screening and testing have also become contested sites in str
5、uggles over reproductive rights. Earlier accounts of reproductive rights were largely concerned with womens abilities to make choices to avoid unwanted procreation, whereas in the contemporary context, reproductive rights have been argued to include a spectrum of rights aimed at preserving womens re
6、productive health, enabling procreation, and possibly determining the characteristics of ones future children. Whereas earlier struggles over contraception and abortion were framed as upholding womens reproductive autonomy, recent debates on reproductive justice also include the right to bear and raise children and the determination of genetic characteristics of those children. Complicating this view is the linkage of reproductive rights with social justice developed by organizations advo
