1、2200 英文单词， 1.2 万英文字符 ，中文 4000 字 文献 出处： Grishchenko N. Pensions After Pension Reforms: A Comparative Analysis of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia J. Procedia Economics & Finance, 2016, 36:3-9. Pensions after pension reforms: A comparative analysis of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia Natalia Grishchenko
2、 Abstract The pension systems of the post-Soviet space, which had in the background one of the best in the world USSR PAYG (pay-as-you-go) basis, currently continue to evolve and improve. Some of the countries have made major pension changes, while others start their first reforms. How implemented v
3、arious pension reforms impact on the retirement benefits and wealth of pensioners: pensions, their indexation, pension ages, and life expectancy? In this article we consider the results of pension reforms on the example of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, which entered three different pension models:
4、 PAYG, fully-funded, and mixed, respectively. We found that PAYG pension system is more suitable and beneficial now for pensioners. However, the advantages of other pension models may appear in the future due to demographic and economic reasons. Keywords: pension system, pension reform, pensions, Be
5、larus, Kazakhstan, Russia. 1. Introduction The pension system has several goals, the most important of which is to ensure an adequate source of income for retirees. This and other objects are depend on the model, environment, and the results of each of the pension system. The research interest in th
6、e evaluation of the level of pension security and wealth of pensioners as a result of pension reforms is connected with countries from former Soviet Union, which was providing one of the best social protection for elderly. For example, the basic old-age pensions was about 65% of pay in 1959, but can ranged up to almost 90% of pay for an individual, who had in dangerous employment and has the maximum creditable number of dependents (Myers, 1959). Despite on the not high replacement rate, whic
