1、中文 1600 字， 890 单词， 5400 英文字符 外文文献翻译原文 1 The increasing role of public relations as a crisis management function: An empirical examination of communication restrategising efforts among destination organisation managers in the wake of 11th September, 2001 By Lisa T. Fall PUBLIC RELATIONS ROLE AS ACRIS
2、IS MANAGEMENT FUNCTION INTHE 9/11 AFTERMATH Studies that examine communication strategies post-9/11 demonstrate that immediate reactive, yet strategic, communication planning was apparent in the wake of the terrorist attacks especially among tourism organisations. A crisis is a major, unpredictable
3、event that threatens to harm the organisation and its stakeholders. Communication colleagues have argued that crisis communication is increasingly focused on a discourse of renewal, viewing crisis as an opportunity for the organisation to rejuvenate itself through strategic communication programmes.
4、 In short, most public relations practitioners view a crisis as an opportunity. How an organisation responds is dependent upon the type of crisis experienced. Much of the research in crisis communication suggests that a crisis has the potential to impact negatively on an organisations image. Coombs
5、argues, for example, that crises threaten the image of organisations.Based upon this assumption, several re-searchers have developed a rich tradition that examines the relationship between organisational image and strategic communication. Further, Williams and Olaniran explain how incorporating elem
6、ents of risk communication in crisis communication planning is necessary. Penrose expands crisis management theory and studies the role that perception plays. This research tradition has provided sound guidelines for successful communication-based approaches to image restoration following an organisational crisis. Coombs 21refers to the systematic use of communication following disasters as crisis response strategies. Crisis-response strategies have been demonstrated to mitigat
