1、3000 英文单词， 1.7 万英文字符，中文 5900 字 文献出处： Jonsson A M, Ornebring H. User-generated content and the news: Empowerment of citizens or interactive illusion?J. Journalism Practice, 2013, 5:1-18. USER-GENERATED CONTENT AND THE NEWS Empowerment of citizens or interactive illusion? Anna Maria Jo nsson and Henri
2、k O rnebring The involvement of citizens in public life through the Internet, variously described by terms such as interactivity and user-generated content, is frequently held up as a democracy-enhancing development. However, these concepts say little about the exact nature and character of media au
3、dience relations. We wish to introduce a more detailed taxonomy of user-generated content (UGC) that takes issues of power and influence into account. We examine the mediareader relationship (in online newspapers) by looking at (1) degree of participation and (2) type of content. We also suggest tha
4、t it might be fruitful to think in terms of a political economy of UGC. Our results show that users are mostly empowered to create popular culture-oriented content and personal/everyday life-oriented content rather than news/informational content. Direct user involvement in news production is minima
5、l. There is a clear political economy of UGC: UGC provision in mainstream media to a great extent addresses users-as-consumers and is part of a context of consumption. KEYWORDS： branding; journalism; political economy; public sphere; tabloidization; user- generated content Introduction The academic
6、rhetoric surrounding the provision of interactive features and solicitations of user-generated content (UGC) on online newspaper sites is often couched in terms of user empowerment and democratization (e.g. Benkler, 2006; Chung, 2007; Gant, 2007; Gillmor, 2004; Shirky, 2008) and spoken of in terms of public journalism and citizen journalism. We also know that finding ways to monetize interactivity, UGC and online communities is another key*even primary*concern for newspapers, as demon
